Category: International employee

  • New Instructions Clarify USCIS Fee Rule Reductions and Exemptions for Higher Ed – CUPA-HR

    New Instructions Clarify USCIS Fee Rule Reductions and Exemptions for Higher Ed – CUPA-HR

    by CUPA-HR | March 6, 2024

    On March 1, 2024, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services published updated forms and filing instructions for the I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker and the I-140, Immigrant Petition for Alien Workers. These updates incorporate new fee calculations as outlined in the USCIS fee rule. Notably, the filing instructions state that institutions “of higher education, as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965” are eligible for the reduced fees and exemption from the Asylum Program fee.

    This clarification follows the issuance of a final rule by USCIS on January 31, 2024, which adjusted the fees for most immigration applications and petitions, resulting in significantly higher fees for most employment-based petitioners. However, due to concerns raised by stakeholders, including CUPA-HR and other higher education institutions, the final rule provided relief for nonprofit organizations in the form of fee reductions as well as an exemption from a newly introduced fee intended to fund the Asylum Program.

    In a previous blog post, CUPA-HR addressed the confusion stemming from the final rule’s reliance on the Internal Revenue Code’s definition of a nonprofit organization, particularly 26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3). This definition caused uncertainty among public universities and colleges, which, while tax-exempt, are not classified as 501(c)(3) entities. The preamble to the final rule suggested that the agency’s approach to defining “nonprofit” was designed to ensure that the primary types of organizations eligible for the American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act’s fee reduction — specifically, educational institutions, nonprofit research organizations, and governmental research organizations — would also qualify for fee reductions and exemptions under this rule. However, the possibility of a strict interpretation of “nonprofit” might have left public universities and colleges facing increased fees.

    The updated filing instructions offer much-needed clarity on the fee reductions and exemptions, ensuring that institutions of higher education as defined by the Higher Education Act of 1965 will not be overly burdened by petitioner fees.



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  • Bridging 2023 and 2024: Key U.S. Immigration Updates From December – CUPA-HR

    Bridging 2023 and 2024: Key U.S. Immigration Updates From December – CUPA-HR

    by CUPA-HR | January 11, 2024

    December was a busy month for immigration-related developments, with several important updates that have implications for the higher education sector. In this post, we provide highlights of the actions that took place last month.

    CUPA-HR Joins Comments to DHS on H-1B Modernization NPRM

    On December 22, 2023, CUPA-HR and 19 other higher education associations joined comments led by the American Council on Education (ACE) in response to the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) H-1B Modernization Proposal. Additionally, CUPA-HR joined 73 organizations from the higher education, state and local economic development, business, science, and policy sectors to submit a comment in response to the H-1B Notice of Proposed Rulemaking’s (NPRM) proposed definition for specialty occupations.

    The ACE-led letter expresses support for several of the proposed changes. These include the change to a beneficiary-centric lottery system, codifying DHS policy of deference to prior adjudications of Form I-129 petitions, clarifying the term “normally” in specialty occupation criteria, and implementing an automatic extension for CAP-GAP. (CAP-GAP is the time between the official end-date of an F-1 student visa and the start date of the H-1B visa). However, the letter also expresses concerns about proposed changes to the definition of a “specialty occupation” and “specific specialty requirement” in the H-1B visa program. The concerns highlight the potential limitation on the ability to attract diverse candidates for faculty positions and the narrowing pipeline for growth in high-technology fields, which could deter foreign students and hinder research and innovation in the United States. The letter calls for a reconsideration of these proposed changes to ensure that H-1B visa regulations align with the evolving dynamics of professional education and the modern workforce.

    In the multi-sector comment letter, CUPA-HR joined voices to address concerns over the H-1B NPRM’s proposed redefinition of “specialty occupations.” This diverse coalition raised issues about the potential negative impacts of these changes on interdisciplinary hiring, particularly in emerging science and technology fields. They argued that the new requirements, like the need for a degree to be “directly related” to job duties, could limit U.S. competitiveness in global innovation and create challenges for employers.

    Now that the comment period has concluded, the DHS will begin the process of reviewing the feedback received. As the department moves toward finalizing the proposals within this rulemaking, they may issue one or more final rules, depending on the availability of agency resources. CUPA-HR will continue to closely monitor these developments and keep its members informed of all significant updates and outcomes.

    State Department Announces Extension and Expansion of the Nonimmigrant Visa Interview Waiver Program

    On December 21, 2023, the Department of State (DOS) determined that, in consultation with DHS, certain categories of interview waivers are in the national interest. As a result, consular officers will continue to have the authority and discretion to waive an in-person interview for certain categories of nonimmigrant visa cases, with some changes made by DOS.

    This update includes the following key changes.

    • First-time H-2 Visa Applicants: Temporary agricultural and non-agricultural workers applying for H-2 visas are now eligible for an interview waiver.
    • Extended Eligibility for Other Visa Applicants: The waiver also applies to applicants for any nonimmigrant visa classification who have previously been issued a visa other than a B visa and are reapplying within 48 months of their last visa’s expiration.
    • Renewal Policy Unchanged: Applicants renewing their nonimmigrant visa in the same classification within 48 months of the prior visa’s expiration date continue to be eligible for the interview waiver.

    The department’s previous interview waiver eligibility criteria were set to expire on December 31, 2023. Not only has the program been extended as of January 1, but it now also includes more nonimmigrant categories. Notably, the current guidance is intended to remain in place indefinitely, as no expiration date has been specified.

    DOL Issues Request for Information on PERM Schedule A Revisions

    On December 21, 2023, in alignment with President Biden’s Executive Order 14110 on Artificial Intelligence, the Department of Labor’s (DOL) Employment and Training Administration (ETA) issued a Request for Information (RFI) that aims to gather public feedback on potential updates to Schedule A job classifications that exempt certain roles from the standard labor certification requirements. Specifically, the DOL is exploring the inclusion of AI, other STEM-related occupations, and additional fields where there is a notable shortage of qualified U.S. workers.

    According to the Immigration and Nationality Act’s labor certification provisions, employers are obligated to demonstrate that there are insufficient U.S. workers available and that hiring foreign nationals will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similar U.S. roles. This process is managed through the Program Electronic Review Management (PERM) system by the ETA. Employers seeking labor certification for prospective permanent immigrant workers must navigate a complex and time-consuming process, often extending the immigration timeline.

    Schedule A, established by the DOL in the mid-1960s, pre-certifies occupations experiencing national labor shortages, thereby waiving the labor certification requirement for these roles. Currently, Schedule A is divided into two groups: Group I comprises physical therapists and professional nurses, and Group II includes occupations that require exceptional ability in the sciences, arts, or performing arts. With this RFI, the DOL aims to critically examine and potentially broaden Schedule A’s scope, a move that could accelerate the hiring of essential foreign talent by aligning with evolving labor market demands and streamlining the employment authorization process.

    Key areas where the department seeks input include the following.

    1. Identifying Labor Shortages in STEM: The department invites suggestions on the most appropriate data sources and methods to ascertain whether there are labor shortages in STEM occupations. They are interested in understanding if Schedule A should be utilized to mitigate these shortages and how to develop a reliable, objective, and transparent method to identify STEM occupations facing labor shortages.
    2. Scope of STEM Occupations: There’s a need for input on whether the examination of STEM occupations should be limited to those outlined in the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics and recent Bureau of Labor Statistics publications, or whether it should be broadened to include additional occupations, particularly those covering Skilled Technical Work occupations.
    3. Inclusion of Non-STEM Occupations: The department is also open to suggestions on whether non-STEM occupations facing worker shortages should be added to Schedule A. Input is sought on how to determine such shortages and ensure that the employment of foreign workers in these roles does not negatively impact U.S. workers.

    Comments in response to the RFI are due on February 20, 2024.

    U.S. Department of State Announces Pilot Program for Domestic Renewal of H-1B Visas

    On December 21, 2023, DOS announced a pilot program to resume domestic visa renewal for H-1B nonimmigrant visa applicants who meet certain requirements. It offers eligible H-1B visa holders the chance to renew their visas within the U.S., bypassing the need for an in-person interview at a consulate or embassy. DOS will start accepting online applications for the H-1B visa renewal pilot program on January 29, 2024.

    Eligibility for the U.S. Department of State’s H-1B visa renewal pilot program is defined by a set of specific criteria:

    • Visa Classification and Issuance: The program is strictly for those looking to renew an H-1B visa. Eligible visas must have been issued by Mission Canada (from January 1, 2020, to April 1, 2023) or Mission India (from February 1, 2021, to September 30, 2021).
    • Fee and Interview Requirements: Applicants should not be subject to a nonimmigrant visa issuance fee, often referred to as a “reciprocity fee,” and must be eligible for a waiver of the in-person interview.
    • Biometric and Visa Status: Participants must have previously submitted ten fingerprints for a visa application, and their prior visa should not include a “clearance received” annotation. Additionally, they must not have any visa ineligibilities requiring a waiver.
    • Petition and Status Maintenance: It’s essential that applicants have an approved, unexpired H-1B petition, are currently maintaining H-1B status in the U.S., and their period of authorized admission in this status has not expired.
    • Travel and Reentry Intent: Applicants must have been last admitted to the U.S. in H-1B status and intend to reenter the U.S. in the same status after temporary travel abroad.

    Background and Objectives. The pilot is a response to the discontinuation of domestic non-diplomatic visa renewals in 2004 due to the requirement for biometric identifiers. With advancements in technology, the DOS is now looking to assess its capacity to handle domestic renewals and reduce global visa application backlogs. This pilot is particularly aimed at alleviating uncertainties for U.S. companies employing temporary H-1B workers.

    Application Process:

    • Application Portal: U.S. Visa Employment Domestic Renewal.
    • Slot Allocation: Approximately 4,000 slots will be available weekly, split between applicants with visas issued by Mission Canada and Mission India.
    • Application Dates: January 29, February 5, 12, 19, and 26. The portal will close temporarily once weekly caps are reached.
    • Application Window: The program will close on April 1, 2024, or when all slots are filled, whichever is earlier.

    Currently, the program excludes categories like H-4 visas. The DOS plans to extend the program to more visa types in the future, but for now, it’s limited to H-1B principal applicants meeting the specified criteria.



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  • Proposed Changes to the H-1B Visa Program – CUPA-HR

    Proposed Changes to the H-1B Visa Program – CUPA-HR

    by CUPA-HR | November 9, 2023

    On October 23, 2023, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issued a proposed rule that aims to improve the H-1B program by simplifying the application process, increasing the program’s efficiency, offering more advantages and flexibilities to both petitioners and beneficiaries, and strengthening the program’s integrity measures.

    Background

    The H-1B visa program is pivotal for many sectors, particularly higher education. It permits U.S. employers to employ foreign professionals in specialty occupations requiring specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or higher or its equivalent. The program is subject to an annual limit of 65,000 visas, with an additional allocation of 20,000 visas reserved for foreign nationals who have earned a U.S. master’s degree or higher. Certain workers are exempt from this cap, including those at higher education institutions or affiliated nonprofit entities and nonprofit or governmental research organizations.

    Highlights of the Proposed Rule

    Prompted by challenges with the H-1B visa lottery, USCIS has prioritized a proposed rule to address the system’s integrity. The move comes after a surge in demand for H-1B visas led to the adoption of a lottery for fair distribution. However, with the fiscal year 2024 seeing a historic 758,994 registrations and over half of the candidates being entered multiple times, there was concern over potential exploitation to skew selection chances. This proposed rule is a direct response to strengthen the registration process and prevent fraud.

    Beyond addressing lottery concerns, the proposal makes critical revisions to underlying H-1B regulations. It seeks to formalize policies currently in place through guidance and tweak specific regulatory aspects.

    Amending the Definition of a “Specialty Occupation.” At present, a “specialty occupation” is identified as a job that requires unique, specialized knowledge in fields like engineering, medicine, education, business specialties, the arts, etc., and it typically mandates a bachelor’s degree or higher in a specific area or its equivalent. USCIS is proposing to refine the definition of a “specialty occupation” to ensure that the required degree for such positions is directly related to the job duties. The proposal specifies that general degrees without specialized knowledge do not meet the criteria, and petitioners must prove the connection between the degree field(s) and the occupation’s duties. The rule would allow for different specific degrees to qualify for a position if each degree directly relates to the occupation’s responsibilities. For example, a bachelor’s degree in either education or chemistry could be suitable for a chemistry teacher’s position if both are relevant to the job. The changes emphasize that the mere possibility of qualifying for a position with an unrelated degree is insufficient, and specific degrees must impart highly specialized knowledge pertinent to the role.

    Amending the Criteria for Specialty Occupation Positions. USCIS is proposing updates to the criteria defining a “specialty occupation” under the Immigration and Nationality Act. This proposal includes a clarification of the term “normally,” which, in the context of a specialty occupation, indicates that a bachelor’s degree is typically, but not always, necessary for the profession. USCIS is aiming to standardize this term to reflect a type, standard, or regular pattern, reinforcing that the term “normally” does not equate to “always.”

    Extending F-1 Cap-Gap Protection. USCIS is proposing to revise the Cap-Gap provisions, which currently extend employment authorization for F-1 students awaiting H-1B visa approval until October 1 of the fiscal year for which H–1B visa classification has been requested. The Cap-Gap refers to the period between the end of an F-1 student’s Optional Practical Training (OPT) and the start of their H-1B status, which can lead to a gap in lawful status or employment authorization. The new proposal seeks to extend this period until April 1 of the fiscal year for which the H-1B visa is filed, or until the visa is approved, to better address processing delays and reduce the risk of employment authorization interruption. To be eligible, the H-1B petition must be legitimate and filed on time. This change is intended to support the U.S. in attracting and maintaining skilled international workers by providing a more reliable transition from student to professional status.

    Cap-Exempt Organizations. USCIS is redefining which employers are exempt from the H-1B visa cap. The proposed changes involve revising the definition of “nonprofit research organization” and “governmental research organization” from being “primarily engaged” in research to conducting research as a “fundamental activity.” This proposed change would enable organizations that might not focus primarily on research, but still fundamentally engage in such activities, to qualify for the exemption. Additionally, USCIS aims to accommodate beneficiaries not directly employed by a qualifying organization but who still perform essential, mission-critical work.

    Deference. USCIS is proposing to codify a policy of deference to prior adjudications of Form I-129 petitions, as delineated in the USCIS Policy Manual, mandating that officers give precedence to earlier decisions when the same parties and material facts recur. This proposal, however, includes stipulations that such deference is not required if there were material errors in the initial approval, if substantial changes in circumstances or eligibility have occurred, or if new and pertinent information emerges that could negatively influence the eligibility assessment.

    Next Steps

    While this summary captures key elements of the proposed changes, our members should be aware that the rule contains other important provisions that warrant careful review. These additional provisions could also significantly impact the H-1B visa program and its beneficiaries, and it is crucial for all interested parties to examine the proposed rule in its entirety to understand its full implications.

    USCIS is accepting public comment on its proposal through December 22, 2023. CUPA-HR is evaluating the proposed revisions and will be working with other higher education associations to submit comprehensive comments for the agency’s consideration. As USCIS moves towards finalizing the proposals within this rulemaking, potentially through one or more final rules depending on the availability of agency resources, CUPA-HR will keep its members informed of all significant updates and outcomes.



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