Tag: meaningful learning experiences

Practical Strategies for Interdisciplinary Teaching in Today’s University – Faculty Focus

Working in the College of Interdisciplinary Studies has shown me firsthand that our students face a world full of messy, tangled problems. Climate shifts, health crises, social divides, and tech changes do not fit neatly into one subject area. They need tools from many fields to tackle these issues. This teaching helps students blend ideas, think deeply across fields, and work well with people from varied backgrounds. Drawing from my experience teaching across subjects at Zayed University in Dubai, UAE, I want to share real ways teachers can build and run cross-subject courses that truly help students handle today’s complex world.

True interdisciplinary teaching goes beyond just putting different topics side by side. At our college, we have learned that it means weaving ideas, theories, and methods from many fields to examine a shared theme or question. This takes careful planning, a willingness to step outside your comfort zone, and a focus on working together. The aim is not to water down each subject but to strengthen them by showing how different ways of thinking can shed more light on tricky issues. I will share clear steps for building cross-subject courses, sparking talks across fields, checking how well students are blending ideas, and getting past common hurdles I have faced in my own teaching.

Building Interdisciplinary Courses: Choosing Scope and Mixing Knowledge

Creating a solid interdisciplinary course starts with a clear scope and thoughtful mixing of knowledge. In our college, we aim for courses where students see connections and blend insights rather than just stacking content from different fields. Often, this means finding a central theme, problem, or question that ties everything together. For example, a course on city growth might pull from earth science, social studies, money matters, and city planning. Choose fields that each add something vital to understanding your main topic. O’Sullivan (2025) suggests a “U-shaped learning” model for teaching across fields, focusing on two main skills: blending knowledge and putting it to work. This model shows learning as a path from understanding single subjects to gaining a mixed view that works in the real world.

Once you have set your central theme and chosen your fields, think about how to structure the course for sound mixing. In our college, we have succeeded in organizing units around sub-themes where different lenses are applied or using project-based learning where students work on complex problems that need input from many fields. Yang et al. (2024) studied adding interdisciplinary learning in nursing classes using games. They found this significantly boosted nursing students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes, especially in talking with others, solving problems, and using what they learned. At our college, we map out how ideas from different fields will be introduced, how they relate, and how we will help students make these connections. This means readings from various fields, expert guest talks, or tasks that ask students to blend information from many sources.

Sparking Talks and Teamwork Across Fields

A sign of good interdisciplinary teaching is meaningful talk and teamwork among students from different backgrounds. In my classes, creating a space where students feel safe sharing ideas from their fields and respectfully engaging with different views is crucial. Teachers must be skilled guides, steering talks, handling conflicts, and helping students find common ground. Ways to boost cross-field talk include structured debates on complex issues, small group work with students from different fields, or case studies that need multiple viewpoints. The U-shaped learning model from O’Sullivan (2025) backs this kind of team learning since building people skills helps blend knowledge and put it to use.

Team projects have proven powerful for interdisciplinary learning. When students from different fields work on a shared problem, they must talk across subject lines, work through various approaches, and blend their varied skills and knowledge. Yang et al. (2024) found that mixing social service with cross-field learning in nursing exposed students to diverse challenges, which boosted their communication and problem-solving skills. In our interdisciplinary courses, we structure projects, so students take roles based on their field expertise while ensuring everyone helps blend the knowledge. Clear guidelines for group work, ways to handle conflicts, and checking individual work and group results are essential for successful interdisciplinary projects.

Checking How Well Students Blend Ideas

Checking student learning in an interdisciplinary course brings special challenges, as the goal is to test knowledge of single subjects and the ability to blend and use information from many fields. In our college, old testing methods, like exams on facts from one field, do not work well. Instead, we use assessments that show students’ ability to think critically, analyze deeply, and use mixed knowledge on complex problems. Examples include projects, research papers that blend sources from many fields, talks on solutions to real-world problems that use diverse views, or creating things (like policy briefs, design models, and media projects) that show mixed understanding. Yang et al. (2024) used number measures (tests before and after) and quality analysis of students’ thought journals to check course effectiveness and learning outcomes across fields.

Reflection also helps check interdisciplinary learning in our college. We ask students to think about their learning process, their challenges in mixing different views, and how their understanding has changed. This shows how they are developing cross-field skills. O’Sullivan (2025) notes that learning across fields involves building inner skills. Reflection tasks can help students develop these skills by pushing them to think deeply about their learning and the value of different field approaches. When creating assessments, our faculty ensure the scoring rubrics clearly state expectations and give students chances to show their skills meaningfully.

Wrapping Up

Crossing the space between fields through good interdisciplinary teaching is essential for preparing students to handle today’s complex world. By carefully designing courses that focus on mixing knowledge, sparking rich talk and teamwork, and using fitting assessment methods, teachers can create life-changing learning experiences. The insights from research on interdisciplinary learning models (O’Sullivan, 2025) and the proven benefits of mixed approaches in fields like nursing (Yang et al., 2024) offer valuable guidance. While interdisciplinary teaching brings unique challenges, the rewards of boosting students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills are tremendous. In our College of Interdisciplinary Studies, we have seen how these practical methods create a complete learning setting, giving power to the next wave of thinkers and leaders who will tackle our world’s most pressing challenges.

Dr. Zeina Hojeij is a Professor at the College of Interdisciplinary Studies at Zayed University, where she has served since 2013, specializing in educational leadership and administration. With a doctorate in Educational Leadership from Saint Louis University, USA, and extensive experience in academic administration, she has held several key leadership positions, including Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs and Academic Director for the General Education Program. A certified UAE Commission for Academic Accreditation (CAA) Reviewer and Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Prof. Hojeij combines her expertise in curriculum development with a strong research portfolio, having secured over 2 million AED in research grants over the past 10 years. Her research focuses on educational technology, leadership development, and teaching innovation. She has taught and coordinated undergraduate and graduate courses in Education and interdisciplinary education while maintaining a ten-year commitment to teacher mentoring with the Al Jalila Foundation. She holds multiple professional certifications, including Blackboard Certified Associate, Accredited Facilitator, Certified Online Instructor, and CELTA & CELTYL certifications. Her dedication to educational innovation is further evidenced by her recent Harvard Business School Online Design Thinking and Innovation certification. Fluent in English, Arabic, and French, Prof. Hojeij brings a global perspective to her work in advancing educational excellence, regularly presenting at international conferences and publishing in peer-reviewed journals.

References

O’Sullivan, G. (2025). U-shaped learning: A new model for transdisciplinary education. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(182). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04478-8

Yang, B.-H., Lo, K.-W., Li, Y.-S., & Chao, K.-Y. (2024). Effects of integration interdisciplinary learning on student learning outcomes and healthcare-giving competence: A mixed methods study. BMC Nursing, 23(583). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02260-w

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July 18, 2025
Practical Strategies for Interdisciplinary Teaching in Today’s University – Faculty Focus

Working in the College of Interdisciplinary Studies has shown me firsthand that our students face a world full of messy, tangled problems. Climate shifts, health crises, social divides, and tech changes do not fit neatly into one subject area. They need tools from many fields to tackle these issues. This teaching helps students blend ideas, think deeply across fields, and work well with people from varied backgrounds. Drawing from my experience teaching across subjects at Zayed University in Dubai, UAE, I want to share real ways teachers can build and run cross-subject courses that truly help students handle today’s complex world.

True interdisciplinary teaching goes beyond just putting different topics side by side. At our college, we have learned that it means weaving ideas, theories, and methods from many fields to examine a shared theme or question. This takes careful planning, a willingness to step outside your comfort zone, and a focus on working together. The aim is not to water down each subject but to strengthen them by showing how different ways of thinking can shed more light on tricky issues. I will share clear steps for building cross-subject courses, sparking talks across fields, checking how well students are blending ideas, and getting past common hurdles I have faced in my own teaching.

Building Interdisciplinary Courses: Choosing Scope and Mixing Knowledge

Creating a solid interdisciplinary course starts with a clear scope and thoughtful mixing of knowledge. In our college, we aim for courses where students see connections and blend insights rather than just stacking content from different fields. Often, this means finding a central theme, problem, or question that ties everything together. For example, a course on city growth might pull from earth science, social studies, money matters, and city planning. Choose fields that each add something vital to understanding your main topic. O’Sullivan (2025) suggests a “U-shaped learning” model for teaching across fields, focusing on two main skills: blending knowledge and putting it to work. This model shows learning as a path from understanding single subjects to gaining a mixed view that works in the real world.

Once you have set your central theme and chosen your fields, think about how to structure the course for sound mixing. In our college, we have succeeded in organizing units around sub-themes where different lenses are applied or using project-based learning where students work on complex problems that need input from many fields. Yang et al. (2024) studied adding interdisciplinary learning in nursing classes using games. They found this significantly boosted nursing students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes, especially in talking with others, solving problems, and using what they learned. At our college, we map out how ideas from different fields will be introduced, how they relate, and how we will help students make these connections. This means readings from various fields, expert guest talks, or tasks that ask students to blend information from many sources.

Sparking Talks and Teamwork Across Fields

A sign of good interdisciplinary teaching is meaningful talk and teamwork among students from different backgrounds. In my classes, creating a space where students feel safe sharing ideas from their fields and respectfully engaging with different views is crucial. Teachers must be skilled guides, steering talks, handling conflicts, and helping students find common ground. Ways to boost cross-field talk include structured debates on complex issues, small group work with students from different fields, or case studies that need multiple viewpoints. The U-shaped learning model from O’Sullivan (2025) backs this kind of team learning since building people skills helps blend knowledge and put it to use.

Team projects have proven powerful for interdisciplinary learning. When students from different fields work on a shared problem, they must talk across subject lines, work through various approaches, and blend their varied skills and knowledge. Yang et al. (2024) found that mixing social service with cross-field learning in nursing exposed students to diverse challenges, which boosted their communication and problem-solving skills. In our interdisciplinary courses, we structure projects, so students take roles based on their field expertise while ensuring everyone helps blend the knowledge. Clear guidelines for group work, ways to handle conflicts, and checking individual work and group results are essential for successful interdisciplinary projects.

Checking How Well Students Blend Ideas

Checking student learning in an interdisciplinary course brings special challenges, as the goal is to test knowledge of single subjects and the ability to blend and use information from many fields. In our college, old testing methods, like exams on facts from one field, do not work well. Instead, we use assessments that show students’ ability to think critically, analyze deeply, and use mixed knowledge on complex problems. Examples include projects, research papers that blend sources from many fields, talks on solutions to real-world problems that use diverse views, or creating things (like policy briefs, design models, and media projects) that show mixed understanding. Yang et al. (2024) used number measures (tests before and after) and quality analysis of students’ thought journals to check course effectiveness and learning outcomes across fields.

Reflection also helps check interdisciplinary learning in our college. We ask students to think about their learning process, their challenges in mixing different views, and how their understanding has changed. This shows how they are developing cross-field skills. O’Sullivan (2025) notes that learning across fields involves building inner skills. Reflection tasks can help students develop these skills by pushing them to think deeply about their learning and the value of different field approaches. When creating assessments, our faculty ensure the scoring rubrics clearly state expectations and give students chances to show their skills meaningfully.

Wrapping Up

Crossing the space between fields through good interdisciplinary teaching is essential for preparing students to handle today’s complex world. By carefully designing courses that focus on mixing knowledge, sparking rich talk and teamwork, and using fitting assessment methods, teachers can create life-changing learning experiences. The insights from research on interdisciplinary learning models (O’Sullivan, 2025) and the proven benefits of mixed approaches in fields like nursing (Yang et al., 2024) offer valuable guidance. While interdisciplinary teaching brings unique challenges, the rewards of boosting students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills are tremendous. In our College of Interdisciplinary Studies, we have seen how these practical methods create a complete learning setting, giving power to the next wave of thinkers and leaders who will tackle our world’s most pressing challenges.

Dr. Zeina Hojeij is a Professor at the College of Interdisciplinary Studies at Zayed University, where she has served since 2013, specializing in educational leadership and administration. With a doctorate in Educational Leadership from Saint Louis University, USA, and extensive experience in academic administration, she has held several key leadership positions, including Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs and Academic Director for the General Education Program. A certified UAE Commission for Academic Accreditation (CAA) Reviewer and Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Prof. Hojeij combines her expertise in curriculum development with a strong research portfolio, having secured over 2 million AED in research grants over the past 10 years. Her research focuses on educational technology, leadership development, and teaching innovation. She has taught and coordinated undergraduate and graduate courses in Education and interdisciplinary education while maintaining a ten-year commitment to teacher mentoring with the Al Jalila Foundation. She holds multiple professional certifications, including Blackboard Certified Associate, Accredited Facilitator, Certified Online Instructor, and CELTA & CELTYL certifications. Her dedication to educational innovation is further evidenced by her recent Harvard Business School Online Design Thinking and Innovation certification. Fluent in English, Arabic, and French, Prof. Hojeij brings a global perspective to her work in advancing educational excellence, regularly presenting at international conferences and publishing in peer-reviewed journals.

References

O’Sullivan, G. (2025). U-shaped learning: A new model for transdisciplinary education. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(182). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04478-8

Yang, B.-H., Lo, K.-W., Li, Y.-S., & Chao, K.-Y. (2024). Effects of integration interdisciplinary learning on student learning outcomes and healthcare-giving competence: A mixed methods study. BMC Nursing, 23(583). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02260-w

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July 18, 2025
Making a Meaningful Environment for Belonging – Faculty Focus

Belonging and mattering are crucial for creating educational environments where learners feel connected to their department and classmates (Hale et al., 2019). Student success has become a major outcome measure for many academic units(Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education, 2005 and Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education, 2025). Researchers have found that learners’ sense of belonging enhances psychological flexibility, learner satisfaction, motivation, and professional identity, thereby increasing student success (Carter et al., 2023 and Tejero-Vidal et al., 2025). Measuring a learner’s perception of belonging can be challenging for educators. To support this effort, a social-ecological model has been developed to conceptualize the different layers that contribute to a learner’s sense of belonging(Johnson, 2022). The Departmental Sense of Belonging (DeSBI) tool specifically measures this sense within the context of department and peer relationships(Knekta et al., 2020).

I explored how an increased involvement in the belonging social-ecological model was associated with learners’ sense of belonging within their department. The goal was to help departments refine their model to enhance learners’ connection to faculty and peers, thereby increasing learners’ success. The hypothesis was that higher interactions in the social-ecological model would correlate with a higher sense of belonging. Sixty-eight learners from three allied health programs completed the survey, which found the results a statistically significant association between the learner’s involvement in the belonging social ecological model and a learner’s sense of belonging to a department.

Practical Application of the Belonging Social-Ecological Model

The study underscores the pivotal role of departmental culture and environment in shaping a learner’s sense of belonging. This is an essential consideration for departments when evaluating the factors provided to learners at each level of the belonging social ecological model.

Intrapersonal Level

Activities within the interpersonal level are journaling, professional development, and mental health practices. It is crucial for faculty to consider encouraging learners to journal at the end of a class session or to include journaling as a graded activity within their course. Supporting learners in building these habits helps foster psychological flexibility and self-awareness. This approach can also provide an opportunity strengthen the therapeutic alliance between individual faculty.

Interpersonal Level

Activities within this level include meals with classmates and faculty, physical activities, and social gatherings. Faculty should strongly consider whether their academic space provides the area for learners to study and have meals together. If your department lacks such space, advocating for one in or near your department should be a priority. If your academic unit has the gathering space, it will be important for faculty to evaluate if it will attract learners to use it effectively, or if learners will avoid the areas because of its set-up and location. Ensuring a dedicated space is not only available but actively used is a critical step for faculty when evaluating their effectiveness in fostering a sense of belonging within the department.

Additionally, faculty should encourage learners to spearhead the organization of social events outside the department so to strengthen connections between one another. With mentorship and engagement from faculty, learners will be empowered to create inclusive events that help all feel welcome.

Institutional Level

The institutional level considers what activities are offered by the university to the learners. Every university, regardless of its size, hosts various events each week for its learners. It is crucial for faculty to consider how their learners are engaging with university announcements about these events. Faculty should consider how the department reinforces these activities on its own announcement board. Should faculty hang signs near the department, or employ other creative strategies to ensure learners are fully informed about campus activities?

Community and Societal Level

The social ecological model is the community and society encompasses activities that extend beyond campus and occur within the community and at the society level. Each university is an integral part of the community in which it is located. Therefore, it is important for faculty to consider how learners are kept informed about the events occurring within the community they live. Ensuring the department highlights events, beyond the favorite coffee shop, restaurant, or activity spot, is crucial for fostering a sense of belonging. Considering each community offers unique experiences, making sure learners are aware of these activities is important. By combining the dissemination of institution activities with community events, faculty can address two domains with one strategic plan.

Physical and Virtual Space

Physical and virtual spaces are in the outer most layer in this social-ecological model and include the structure of class breaks, classroom setup, and online activities. Faculty should consider how physical and virtual learning environments impact social connections. For example, it is important for faculty to thoughtfully consider how breaks are structured – not just when they are given. Encouraging learners to leave the room for a short walk outside with peers, play a quick game of four-square, or throw a frisbee is beneficial, as it promotes learners to be active shift their mindset, and foster conversations beyond classroom content.

A final consideration involves the layout of the classroom. Is the classroom arranged traditionally with everyone facing forward, or can it be reorganized into pods or small groups, which will facilitate discussion during group projects? If the goal is to engage the entire room, can the seating be arranged into a large circle to allow learners to see each other’s body language while speaking? These small yet significant environmental factors can impact the learning environment and the sense of belonging for each learner in the room.

Conclusion

Increased engagement across all layers of the belonging social-ecological model significantly enhances the learners’ sense of connection and inclusion. This sense of belonging is not a peripheral benefit – it is foundational to learner motivation, participation, and overall success. Faculty play a key role in implementing thoughtful strategies that promote belonging at every level of the belonging social ecological model. In doing so, they help create a dynamic and inclusive learning community where every learner can thrive – leading to greater success and personal fulfillment in their learners’ academic journey.

Dustin Cox, PT, DPT, PhD, is an Associate Professor at Augusta University and a licensed physical therapist with advanced certifications in therapeutic treatment for Parkinson’s and lymphedema. He received his Doctor of Physical Therapy in 2011 and his Ph.D. in Health Sciences in 2023 from Northern Illinois University. Since 2016, Dustin has been dedicated to helping learners achieve their goals in becoming effective healthcare practitioners. Currently, Dustin teaches in a DPT program and clinically works with clients that are in the pediatric stage of life and clients with bleeding disorders.

References

Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education. (2025, March 15). 2018 and 2023 ACOTE Standards. Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Eudcation. https://acoteonline.org/accreditation-explained/standards/

Carter, B. M., Sumpter, D. F., and Thruston, W. (2023). Overcoming Marginalization by Creating a Sense of Belonging. Creative nursing, 29(4), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/10784535231216464

Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. (2025, March 15). Accreditation Handbook. Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy. https://www.capteonline.org/faculty-and-program-resources/resource_documents/accreditation-handbook

Hale, A. J., Ricotta, D. N., Freed, J., Smith, C. C., and Huang, G. C. (2019). Adapting Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as a Framework for Resident Wellness. Teaching and learning in medicine, 31(1), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2018.1456928

Johnson, Royel. (2022). A socio-ecological perspective on sense of belonging among racially/ethnically minoritized college students: Implications for equity-minded practice and policy. New Directions for Higher Education, Spring 2022, pages 59 – 68. https://doi.org/10.1002/he.20427

Knekta, E., Chatzikyriakidou, K., and McCartney, M. (2020). Evaluation of a Questionnaire Measuring University Students’ Sense of Belonging to and Involvement in a Biology Department. CBE life sciences education, 19(3), ar27. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-09-0166

Tejero-Vidal, L. L., Pedregosa-Fauste, S., Majó-Rossell, A., García-Díaz, F., and Martínez-Rodríguez, L. (2025). Building nursing students’ professional identity through the ‘Design process’ methodology: A qualitative study. Nurse education in practice, 83, 104256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104256

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June 9, 2025
Engaging Students in Meaningful Learning Experiences – Faculty Focus
Two years ago, I was invited to deliver a course at a prestigious management school abroad. Though hesitant at first, I accepted the opportunity to do what turned out to be one of my most rewarding teaching experiences. I taught a group of students unlike any I had taught over the span of my long teaching experience in diverse settings and institutions.

The students portrayed an exceptional level of behavioral engagement. This surprised me since I had never seen them before, and I was new to them. I had not had the chance to establish any social or emotional bonds with them. I could see them taking their own notes during the lessons, never asking me for my slides, a common practice among other students I have taught. They would work on the assigned tasks in class and use their time efficiently. Assigned homework was always completed without me having to send them reminders. When I gave a break during a session, many would open books and read until the class resumed.

It happened that my class was interrupted by the New Year’s one-day holiday. I asked the class after the holiday to think of a new year’s resolution, and to my surprise, a handful of students said that they intended to increase the number of books they would read in the coming year.

At the end of my visit, I left those students and went back home to my regular educational setting. I found myself reflecting on my own recent experience. In my setting, most teachers I work with grapple with the challenge of engaging their students in their learning; thus, they work hard on providing students with incentives and support to stay on tasks, contribute to their groups, and complete their assigned work. I know that many of those teachers designed very good learning experiences and tried to accommodate their students’ needs, yet they did not observe the engagement they hoped for.

This contrast raised several questions:
- What are we missing as educators when it comes to student engagement?
- Are the challenges related to the curriculum, the school, or the larger context extending beyond the school to the home and society?
- Is it the collective perception toward education a factor in fostering student engagement? Have educators and parents been able to help students understand the bigger meaning behind their school experiences and tasks?
- Have we been able to help them make the connection between these tasks and their reality?
- Has the system taken these into considerations when designing the educational curricula?
Talking about relating learning experiences to real life brings to my attention how this group of young management students integrated their academic knowledge with their online profiles. Many connected with me on LinkedIn, where I have been seeing them share deep reflections and insights from their studies. Although they are still in their early years of their university studies, they express their opinions and stand as though they are experts in their field. They report on activities they engage in related to what they study and reflect on what they encounter and experience. They provide bulleted lists of advice and practice. Reading their posts, I see these students already can foretell their placement in life after they graduate and are acting accordingly. This could be a reason why they embrace schoolwork and engage with it willingly.

I end with two incidents from my visit that resonate with me. For one of the assessments, I conducted an online, objective-type quiz, consisting mainly of multiple-choice questions. The class speed in which the students submitted their responses led me to think they had worked collectively on a WhatsApp group. When I raised this concern, one student who seemed offended assured me that they would not do such a thing. This claim was validated when I graded the final exam, a rigorous three-hour subjective type of exam. The class average was an impressive A.

The second incident was when I asked the class for feedback on my teaching, as I usually do towards the end of a semester. One student advised me: “Next time you teach here, be tougher on students. We are used to working hard, and we can handle it.” I had never heard of anything similar from a student; on the contrary I have students who often request reduced workload and extended deadlines.

Reflecting on this experience, I believe the following can be considered as main takeaways for educators:
- Design meaningful learning experiences: The type of learning experiences we design for our students should relate to their realities and be meaningful and to where the students see themselves later in life
- Recognize the multifaceted nature of engagement: Student engagement is not necessarily the product of the teacher’s efforts but a myriad of aspects including the curriculum, perceptions, school and culture.
- Allow students’ voices: Listening to the students’ voices provides us with a lot of tips on how we can improve the learning experiences for them and attend to what they think they need help with.
- Foster student accountability: There are ways to help students be accountable to their own actions and to behave responsibly towards their learning
- Cultivate academic integrity: academic integrity can be achieved effortlessly when students are interested in what they do and understand the positive impact of their learning on their lives.
Amal Farhat has experience in teaching and instructional coaching at K-12 schools and higher education. She has worked in the private and public sectors. Her interests mainly pertain to the development of professional learning communities through positive, constructive interactions among stakeholders of an institution. In higher education, she taught in the Faculty of Letters and Humanities and Faculty of Education. Additionally, she works as a teaching and learning specialist supporting faculty members with their teaching practices. Amal holds a PhD in education from the Doctoral Institute at Lebanese University, a counseling in pedagogy diploma from St. Joseph University, and is CAEL (Certificate in Advanced Education Leadership) certified from Harvard Graduate School of Education.
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May 2, 2025
Searching for the Optimal Class Design to Maximize Learning – Faculty Focus

Have you ever wondered what makes a course highly effective? If you had to focus on one, two, or three essential factors, what would they be? Would you emphasize a supportive learning environment, cognitive and affective learning, pedagogical design, essential content, creating assessments, providing feedback, integrating technology, or something different? Reflecting on my years in academia, I find myself increasingly drawn to the challenge of designing the optimal class—one that not only engages students but also maximizes student learning. Why do some classes leave an indelible mark on students, while others quickly fade from memory? As you think about this task, I hope this exercise offers a stimulating intellectual endeavor: a chance to reflect and improve one’s teaching.

Perhaps I am taking the easy way out by emphasizing pedagogical design, as it could be argued that a well-designed course naturally incorporates all of the above factors. That said, what is it about an optimally designed class that resonates so deeply with my inner teacher? Simply, it is the way it combines cognitive and educational psychology—how people learn—with the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL), which focuses on how educators’ study and improve their teaching to increase student learning (McKinney, 2007). This convergence of theory and teaching practice offers one perspective for creating an optimal learning experience.

An Anticipatory Set

For me, a well-designed class begins with an anticipatory set and a review of prior learning. These activities work together to engage students, activate their prior knowledge, and prepare them for new content. An anticipatory set, for example, might ask students to brainstorm times when they applied knowledge in real-world settings. This approach not only sparks curiosity but also helps students connect the material to their personal experiences, facilitating affective learning. Following this, a review of prior learning solidifies what students have already learned and creates a transition to new material. By linking new content to existing knowledge, students move from learning in isolation to building meaningful connections. Together, these strategies reduce cognitive load (Sweller, Van Merrienboer, & Pass, 2019), allowing students to focus their mental energy on deeper understanding and application.

The Delivery

Next comes the delivery of new learning, which can be achieved through various methods such as assigned readings, live or pre-recorded lectures, class discussions, flipped classroom activities, or small group work. The key to presenting new material effectively is managing cognitive load—ensuring students are not overwhelmed by overly long or complex presentations. For instance, lecturing for extended periods without breaks, poorly structured group work, or using technology without a clear purpose can increase cognitive load and hinder learning. When students are required to concentrate for long periods or expend unnecessary mental energy, their ability to process and retain information decreases.

Present and Practice

After presenting new content, it is crucial to provide students with opportunities to practice what they have learned. This could take the form of a no-point or low-stakes quiz, a case study, group work, or even a reflective activity. These practice opportunities not only reinforce learning but also allow instructors to offer immediate feedback and guidance, helping students refine their understanding of the material.

Summary Statement

Finally, an effective class concludes with a strategy to summarize key points. This might involve asking students to write a summary statement, connect course concepts to learning outcomes, or collaborate to create mock exam questions. These activities encourage students to make meaningful connections between new and prior learning, solidifying their understanding and preparing them for future learning.

Approaching your course with an eye for cognitive load allows you to scaffold learning in ways that are both efficient and grounded in effective learning research. By carefully managing how new material is presented, providing opportunities for practice, and encouraging students to connect new knowledge to prior learning, you create a classroom environment where students can thrive. Moreover, adopting a SoTL mindset empowers educators to continually reflect on their teaching practices, identify what works, and make meaningful improvements—all with the goal of student learning.

Reflection

As you reflect on your own teaching, consider this: What small change could you make in your next class to better manage cognitive load or foster deeper connections between new and prior learning? Perhaps it is rethinking how you introduce new material, designing a low-stakes practice activity, or incorporating a summarization strategy at the end of a class. Whatever it may be, remember that teaching is an iterative process, and even small adjustments can have a positive impact on students. By embracing these principles and committing yourself to ongoing reflection and improvement, you not only enhance your teaching but also model for your students how to become lifelong learners.

Michael Kiener is a professor at Maryville University of St. Louis in their Clinical Mental Health Counseling program. For the past 10 years he has coordinated their Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Program, where faculty participate in a yearlong program with a goal of improved student learning. In 2012 and 2024 he received the Outstanding Faculty Award for faculty who best demonstrate excellence in the integration of teaching, scholarship and/or service. He has over thirty publications including a co-authored book on strength-based counseling and journal articles on career decision making, action research, counseling pedagogy, and active and dynamic learning strategies.

References

McKinney, K. 2007. Enhancing learning through the scholarship of teaching and learning: The challenges and joys of juggling. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Sweller, J., Van Merriënboer, J. and Paas, F. 2019. Cognitive architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later. Educational Psychology Review 31, (2): 261-292.

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March 17, 2025
Searching for the Optimal Class Design to Maximize Learning – Faculty Focus

Have you ever wondered what makes a course highly effective? If you had to focus on one, two, or three essential factors, what would they be? Would you emphasize a supportive learning environment, cognitive and affective learning, pedagogical design, essential content, creating assessments, providing feedback, integrating technology, or something different? Reflecting on my years in academia, I find myself increasingly drawn to the challenge of designing the optimal class—one that not only engages students but also maximizes student learning. Why do some classes leave an indelible mark on students, while others quickly fade from memory? As you think about this task, I hope this exercise offers a stimulating intellectual endeavor: a chance to reflect and improve one’s teaching.

Perhaps I am taking the easy way out by emphasizing pedagogical design, as it could be argued that a well-designed course naturally incorporates all of the above factors. That said, what is it about an optimally designed class that resonates so deeply with my inner teacher? Simply, it is the way it combines cognitive and educational psychology—how people learn—with the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL), which focuses on how educators’ study and improve their teaching to increase student learning (McKinney, 2007). This convergence of theory and teaching practice offers one perspective for creating an optimal learning experience.

An Anticipatory Set

For me, a well-designed class begins with an anticipatory set and a review of prior learning. These activities work together to engage students, activate their prior knowledge, and prepare them for new content. An anticipatory set, for example, might ask students to brainstorm times when they applied knowledge in real-world settings. This approach not only sparks curiosity but also helps students connect the material to their personal experiences, facilitating affective learning. Following this, a review of prior learning solidifies what students have already learned and creates a transition to new material. By linking new content to existing knowledge, students move from learning in isolation to building meaningful connections. Together, these strategies reduce cognitive load (Sweller, Van Merrienboer, & Pass, 2019), allowing students to focus their mental energy on deeper understanding and application.

The Delivery

Next comes the delivery of new learning, which can be achieved through various methods such as assigned readings, live or pre-recorded lectures, class discussions, flipped classroom activities, or small group work. The key to presenting new material effectively is managing cognitive load—ensuring students are not overwhelmed by overly long or complex presentations. For instance, lecturing for extended periods without breaks, poorly structured group work, or using technology without a clear purpose can increase cognitive load and hinder learning. When students are required to concentrate for long periods or expend unnecessary mental energy, their ability to process and retain information decreases.

Present and Practice

After presenting new content, it is crucial to provide students with opportunities to practice what they have learned. This could take the form of a no-point or low-stakes quiz, a case study, group work, or even a reflective activity. These practice opportunities not only reinforce learning but also allow instructors to offer immediate feedback and guidance, helping students refine their understanding of the material.

Summary Statement

Finally, an effective class concludes with a strategy to summarize key points. This might involve asking students to write a summary statement, connect course concepts to learning outcomes, or collaborate to create mock exam questions. These activities encourage students to make meaningful connections between new and prior learning, solidifying their understanding and preparing them for future learning.

Approaching your course with an eye for cognitive load allows you to scaffold learning in ways that are both efficient and grounded in effective learning research. By carefully managing how new material is presented, providing opportunities for practice, and encouraging students to connect new knowledge to prior learning, you create a classroom environment where students can thrive. Moreover, adopting a SoTL mindset empowers educators to continually reflect on their teaching practices, identify what works, and make meaningful improvements—all with the goal of student learning.

Reflection

As you reflect on your own teaching, consider this: What small change could you make in your next class to better manage cognitive load or foster deeper connections between new and prior learning? Perhaps it is rethinking how you introduce new material, designing a low-stakes practice activity, or incorporating a summarization strategy at the end of a class. Whatever it may be, remember that teaching is an iterative process, and even small adjustments can have a positive impact on students. By embracing these principles and committing yourself to ongoing reflection and improvement, you not only enhance your teaching but also model for your students how to become lifelong learners.

Michael Kiener is a professor at Maryville University of St. Louis in their Clinical Mental Health Counseling program. For the past 10 years he has coordinated their Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Program, where faculty participate in a yearlong program with a goal of improved student learning. In 2012 and 2024 he received the Outstanding Faculty Award for faculty who best demonstrate excellence in the integration of teaching, scholarship and/or service. He has over thirty publications including a co-authored book on strength-based counseling and journal articles on career decision making, action research, counseling pedagogy, and active and dynamic learning strategies.

References

McKinney, K. 2007. Enhancing learning through the scholarship of teaching and learning: The challenges and joys of juggling. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Sweller, J., Van Merriënboer, J. and Paas, F. 2019. Cognitive architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later. Educational Psychology Review 31, (2): 261-292.

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March 17, 2025
Why Data Alone Won’t Improve Retention – Faculty Focus
Data has become the cornerstone of decision-making and institutional strategy in today’s higher education landscape. From tracking retention rates to measuring academic performance, data offers a clear, quantifiable view of how students and institutions are progressing. This reliance on numbers has driven many colleges to focus heavily on metrics in an effort to improve outcomes, streamline operations, and secure funding. However, while data provides valuable insights, it fails to capture the deeper, more personal factors influencing student success. The focus on numbers alone ignores relationships’ essential role in retention and persistence. Without considering the emotional and social aspects of a student’s educational journey, particularly the connections they build with faculty and peers, institutions risk overlooking the things that keep students engaged, motivated, and ultimately enrolled. Simply put, data is not enough. To truly support student success, we must move beyond the metrics and prioritize the human connections that make higher education meaningful.

Recent research underscores that while data is essential for tracking trends and setting benchmarks, relationships are the heartbeat of student success. As community colleges across the United States struggle with declining retention rates, it has become increasingly clear that institutional focus should not be limited to numbers alone. Instead, a holistic approach that prioritizes human connection is necessary to improve retention and academic persistence, particularly in community colleges, which serve a diverse population of non-traditional learners.

The Power of Human Connection in Education

While it is easy to get lost in numbers, community colleges must recognize that each data point represents an individual with unique needs, motivations, and challenges. Research has shown that students who feel connected to their college, especially through positive faculty-student relationships, are likelier to persist and succeed academically. Tinto’s Theory of Departure (1997) and Pascarella and Terenzini’s (2005) Influence Theory emphasize the importance of student-faculty interactions in fostering academic success. Students who experience strong, supportive relationships with faculty and staff are more likely to be retained, persist, and ultimately graduate.

Tinto (1997) and Pascarella and Terenzini’s (2005) theories support the idea that retention is not just about the data points we collect but also about the relational aspects that foster a sense of belonging. Students feel valued when the college community (not just faculty) takes the time to know their students, understand their struggles, and provide mentorship both in and outside the classroom. This emotional and psychological support can make all the difference in a student’s decision to stay in college, particularly for those in community colleges who may already juggle work, family obligations, and financial challenges.

Data Tells Only Part of the Story

Data provides a snapshot of institutional performance, but it often fails to capture the complexity of the student experience. While retention rates may point to the success or failure of a program or intervention, they do not provide the rich, qualitative insights needed to understand why students leave or stay. For instance, a student’s decision to withdraw from school is rarely based on a single factor that can be quantified, such as failing a class or missing a certain number of credits. There are often deeper issues at play, such as lack of engagement and support, personal struggles, or isolation.

In fact, studies have shown that the absence of relationships is a significant contributing factor to student departure. Students who don’t feel connected to their professors or college community are more likely to disengage and eventually drop out. On the other hand, when colleges invest in building personal connections with their students, whether through mentoring, frequent communication, or simple expressions of care, students are more likely to persist through difficult times.

Creating a Culture of Belonging

To truly foster student success, community colleges need to prioritize building a culture of belonging that extends beyond academic achievement. Faculty and staff should be encouraged to engage with students in meaningful ways that extend past classroom interactions. This could mean learning about a student’s goals and challenges, offering office hours for one-on-one consultations, or simply providing feedback on how a student is progressing—academically and personally.

Building student relationships requires intentionality and support from institutional leaders. Administrators must recognize that professional development programs should not solely focus on pedagogical techniques but also on the importance of relational skills. Equipping faculty and staff with the tools to build rapport with students, understand their diverse needs, and provide emotional support is as crucial as ensuring they effectively deliver instructional content.

Recommendations for Practice

While data is still essential, community colleges should balance it with creating solid student relationships. Providing opportunities for professional development in relational practices can improve student engagement and retention.
1. Foster Emotional Intelligence: Colleges should invest in developing emotional intelligence among faculty and staff. This includes empathy, active listening, and the ability to offer support during times of stress. These skills are vital for creating environments where students feel understood and valued.
1. Implement Holistic Student Support Services: Students need more than just academic support. Community colleges should expand their support services to include counseling, mentorship programs, and peer support networks. This can help students build relationships with faculty and peers, which can be a powerful motivator for retention.
1. Encourage Faculty-Student Engagement Outside the Classroom: Encouraging faculty to engage with students outside the classroom through office hours, mentoring programs, and informal interactions can significantly enhance student-faculty relationships and foster a sense of belonging.
1. Implement a Customer Service Model: This can significantly enhance student retention by prioritizing personalized, responsive support throughout their academic journey. By offering clear communication, accessible resources, and proactive outreach, institutions create an environment where students feel valued and supported.
Data alone will never provide the full picture of student success. While it can help track progress and identify trends, the key to improving retention rates and fostering student success lies in the relationships cultivated between students, faculty, and staff. By building a supportive, inclusive environment that prioritizes human connection, community colleges can improve retention rates and ensure their students are set up for long-term academic and personal success.

Ultimately, while the importance of data cannot be overlooked, the need for strong, positive relationships should be placed at the forefront of retention strategies. It is the relationships built within the classroom and beyond that truly make a lasting impact on students’ educational journeys.

Dr. Rebecca L. Conley is an accomplished educator and higher education leader, currently serving as the Dean of Teaching and Learning at Ivy Tech Community College. With over a decade of experience in academia, Dr. Conley specializes in fostering innovative teaching environments, promoting faculty development, and driving student success initiatives. She earned her Doctor of Education in Higher Education Leadership from the American College of Education and is recognized for her expertise in curriculum development, accreditation, and strategic planning. A passionate advocate for education, Dr. Conley combines her professional achievements with a commitment to community service and lifelong learning.

References

Pascarella, Ernest T., and Patrick T. Terenzini. 2005. “How College Affects Students: A Third Decade of Research.” San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Tinto, Vincent. 1997. “Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition.” Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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January 20, 2025