Tag: Memo

  • NLRB Issues Memo Outlining Higher Ed Institutions’ Disclosure Obligations under NLRA and FERPA – CUPA-HR

    NLRB Issues Memo Outlining Higher Ed Institutions’ Disclosure Obligations under NLRA and FERPA – CUPA-HR

    by CUPA-HR | August 7, 2024

    On August 6, National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo issued a memo, “Clarifying Universities’ and Colleges’ Disclosure Obligations under the National Labor Relations Act and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act.” The memo was issued to all NLRB regional offices and is meant to provide guidance to institutions of higher education clarifying their obligations “in cases involving the duty to furnish information where both statutes may be implicated.”

    The memorandum outlines how institutions can comply with requests by unions representing their student workers for information that may be covered under FERPA, the federal law that protects students’ privacy in relation to their education records and applies to institutions that receive federal education funds. Under the NLRA, employers are required to provide certain information to unions that may be relevant to their representational and collective bargaining obligations, but this requirement can come into conflict with institutions’ obligations under FERPA.

    In situations where the employer believes certain records requested by the union may be confidential and covered under FERPA, the memo outlines the steps institutions must take to comply with their disclosure obligations.

    1. “The institution must determine whether the request seeks education records or personally identifiable information contained therein.”

    Institutions must be prepared to “explain why and substantiate with documentary evidence, if available, that the student-employee is employed as a result of their status as a student to the union,” as opposed to a traditional employee whose records are not protected by FERPA. The memo specifies that, if the union’s request includes some documents not covered by FERPA, the employer must provide those documents to the union “without delay, even if FERPA applies to other parts of the request.”

    1. “If a request seeks information protected by FERPA, the institution must offer a reasonable accommodation in a timely manner and bargain in good faith with the union toward a resolution of the matter.”

    The memo puts the burden to offer an alternative on the employer. The employer cannot “simply refuse to furnish the requested information,” but it must offer a “reasonable accommodation and bargain in good faith toward an agreement that addresses both parties’ interests.”

    1. “If the parties reach an agreement over an accommodation, the institution must abide by that agreement and furnish the records.”

    If an agreement is not reached, the memo specifies that the union can file an unfair labor practice charge against the institution. The memo then gives the NLRB the authority to find an appropriate accommodation “in light of the parties’ bargaining proposals.”

    Abruzzo also provided a “FERPA consent template” that she advocates institutions provide to student-employees during the onboarding process. The template, if signed by the student employee, “would permit an institution covered by FERPA to disclose to a union, consistent with FERPA, any employment-related records of a student that are relevant and reasonably necessary for each stage of the representation process.” Abruzzo argues the template would help “reduce delay and obviate the need to seek students’ consent at the time a union seeks to represent employees or submits an information request to carry out its representative functions.”

    CUPA-HR will keep members apprised of updates following this guidance and other updates from the NLRB.



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  • NLRB General Counsel Issues Memo on Recent Severance Agreement Ruling – CUPA-HR

    NLRB General Counsel Issues Memo on Recent Severance Agreement Ruling – CUPA-HR

    by CUPA-HR | March 27, 2023

    On March 22, National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo issued a memo to all field offices with guidance on the Board’s recent decision in McLaren Macomb, in which the Board decided that employers cannot offer employees severance agreements that require employees to waive rights under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), such as confidentiality and non-disparagement requirements. According to the NLRB’s press release, the memo is to be used as guidance to assist field offices responding to inquiries from workers, employers, labor unions and the public about implications stemming from McLaren Macomb.

    The memo offers guidance on the decision’s scope and effect of the McLaren Macomb decision. In the memo, Abruzzo stated that the decision has retroactive application, and she directed employers who may have previously offered severance agreements with “overly broad” non-disparagement or confidentiality provisions to contact employees to advise them that such provisions are now void and will not be enforced. Abruzzo also clarified that confidentiality clauses that are “narrowly tailored” to restricting dissemination of proprietary information or trade secrets may still be lawful “based on legitimate business justifications,” and that non-disparagement clauses that are limited to “employee statements about the employer that meet the definition of defamation as being maliciously untrue (…) may be found lawful.”

    With respect to supervisors, Abruzzo specified that supervisors are not generally protected by the NLRA, but she added that they are protected from retaliation if they refuse to offer a severance agreement with broad non-disparagement or confidentiality provisions to their employees.

    As a reminder, CUPA-HR will be hosting a webinar on the McLaren Macomb decision Thursday, March 30 at 1:00 p.m. ET. The webinar will cover the McLaren Macomb decision and this subsequent memo, and presenters will discuss how the decision may fundamentally change how and when colleges and universities may use confidentiality and non-disparagement provisions. Registration is required for participation, but free to all CUPA-HR members.



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  • NLRB General Counsel Releases Memo on Employee Status for Student Athletes – CUPA-HR

    NLRB General Counsel Releases Memo on Employee Status for Student Athletes – CUPA-HR

    by CUPA-HR | September 29, 2021

    On September 29, National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo released a memorandum stating her position that student athletes (or “Players at Academic Institutions,” as she refers to them in the memo) are employees under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and are afforded all statutory protections as prescribed under the law. Abruzzo declares, “The broad language of Section 2(3) of the [NLRA], the policies underlying the NLRA, Board law, and the common law fully support the conclusion that certain Players at Academic Institutions are statutory employees, who have the right to act collectively to improve their terms and conditions of employment.”

    Abruzzo also states that misclassifying such individuals as non-employees and leading them to believe they are not afforded protections under the NLRA has a “chilling effect” on Section 7 activity. She said she would consider this misclassification an independent violation of Section 8(a)(1) of the NLRA. Abruzzo further stated that the intent of the memo is to “educate the public, especially Players at Academic Institutions, colleges and universities, athletic conferences, and the NCAA” about her position in future appropriate cases.

    The memo revives issues surrounding employment status of student athletes that the NLRB has previously ruled on. In March 2014, the NLRB’s Regional Director in Chicago ruled that Northwestern players receiving football scholarships are employees and have a right to organize under the NLRA. In August 2015, the NLRB released a unanimous decision dismissing the representation petition filed by a group of Northwestern football players seeking to unionize. In doing so, however, the board’s decision did not definitively resolve the issue of whether college athletes are employees and have a protected right to unionize under the NLRA. After considering arguments of both parties in the case and various amici, including CUPA-HR, the board declined to assert jurisdiction on the issue, stating that “asserting jurisdiction would not promote labor stability [because the] Board does not have jurisdiction over state-run colleges and universities, which constitute” the vast majority of the teams. The board noted, however, its “decision is narrowly focused to apply only to the players in this case and does not preclude reconsideration of this issue in the future.” Another issue in the Northwestern decision was the board’s lack of jurisdiction over “walk-on” players who do not receive scholarships. It remains to be seen how Abruzzo will overcome in future cases the two jurisdictional obstacles identified in Northwestern.

    CUPA-HR will keep members apprised of NLRB actions and cases that may prompt the agency to rule on the issue regarding student athlete employment status.



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