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  • 49 predictions about edtech, innovation, and–yes–AI in 2026

    49 predictions about edtech, innovation, and–yes–AI in 2026

    As K-12 schools prepare for 2026, edtech and innovation are no longer driven by novelty–it’s driven by necessity. District leaders are navigating tighter budgets, shifting enrollment, rising cybersecurity threats, and an urgent demand for more personalized, future-ready learning.

    At the same time, AI, data analytics, and emerging classroom technologies are reshaping not only how students learn, but how educators teach, assess, and support every learner.

    The result is a defining moment for educational technology. From AI-powered tutoring and automated administrative workflows to immersive career-connected learning and expanded cybersecurity frameworks, 2026 is poised to mark a transition from experimental adoption to system-wide integration. The year ahead will test how effectively schools can balance innovation with equity, security with access, and automation with the irreplaceable role of human connection in education.

    Here’s what K-12 industry experts, stakeholders, and educators have to say about what 2026 will bring:

    AI becomes fully mainstream: With clearer guardrails and safety standards, AI will shift from pilot projects to a natural part of daily classroom experiences. AI tackles the biggest challenges: learning gaps and mental health: Chronic absenteeism, disengagement and widening readiness levels are creating urgent needs, and AI is one of the only tools that can scale support quickly. Hyper-personalized learning becomes standard: Students need tailored, real-time feedback more than ever, and AI will adapt instruction moment to moment based on individual readiness. AI tutoring expands without replacing teachers: Quick, focused bursts of AI-led practice and feedback can relieve overwhelmed teachers and give students support when they need it most. The novelty era of AI is over: In 2026, districts will prioritize solutions that measurably improve student outcomes, relevance and wellbeing, not just cool features.
    –Kris Astle, Education Expert and Manager of Learning and Adoption, SMART Technologies

    In 2026, workforce readiness will no longer be seen as someone else’s responsibility, but will become a collective mission. Schools, employers, families, and policymakers will increasingly work together to connect students’ strengths to real opportunities. Career and technical education (CTE) and industry certifications will move to the center of the conversation as districts rethink graduation requirements to prioritize alignment between student aptitudes and workforce demand. The goal will shift from ‘graduation’ to readiness. Students don’t lack ambition, they lack connection between what they’re good at and where those talents are needed. When education, industry, and community align, that connection becomes clear. The result? A generation that enters the world not just credentialed, but confident and capable.
    Edson Barton, CEO & Co-Founder, YouScience

    As the number of edtech applications continues to surge across classrooms nationwide, teachers and administrators will need to become increasingly discerning consumers. The challenge for 2026 won’t be finding tools, it will be identifying which ones truly move the needle for teaching and learning. To maximize impact, district leaders should look for tools that demonstrate clear instructional value, support data-driven teaching, and extend what humans alone can accomplish. This includes intentionally selecting tools that embody strong learning science, effectively personalize the learning experience, empower teachers with meaningful data, and align tightly to instructional goals. If a tool doesn’t demonstrably provide purposeful practice to enhance student learning or make teachers’ work easier, it’s unlikely to earn a place in the modern classroom.
    –Dr. Carolyn Brown, Chief academic Officer & Co-Founder of Foundations in Learning, Creator of WordFlight

    In 2026, schools will continue to prioritize clear, consistent communication between families, students and staff. The expectations around what good communication looks like will rise significantly as communication modality preferences evolve and expand. Parents increasingly rely on digital tools to stay informed, and districts will feel growing pressure to ensure their online presence is not only accurate but intuitive, engaging, accessible and available in real time. New elements such as AI chatbots and GEO practices will shift from “nice-to-have” features to essential components of a modern school communication toolbox. These tools help families find answers quickly, reduce the burden on office staff and give schools a reliable, user-friendly way to reach every stakeholder with urgent updates or important news at a moment’s notice. Historically, digital methods of school-to-home communication have been overlooked or deprioritized in many districts. But as competition for students and teachers increases and family expectations continue to rise, schools will be forced to engage more intentionally through digital channels, which are often the only reliable way to reach families today. As a result, modernizing communications will become a core strategic priority rather than an operational afterthought.
    –Jim Calabrese, CEO, Finalsite

    Educator wellness programs will increasingly integrate with student well-being initiatives, creating a truly holistic school climate. Schools may roll out building-wide morning meditations, joint movement challenges, or shared mindfulness activities that engage both staff and students. By connecting teacher and student wellness, districts will foster healthier, more resilient communities while boosting engagement and morale across the school.
    Niki Campbell, M.S., Founder/CEO, The Flourish Group

    In 2026, we will see more talk about the need for research and evidence to guide education decisions in K-12 education. Reports on student achievement continue to show that K-12 students are not where they need to be academically, while concerns about the impact of new technologies on student well-being are on the rise. Many in the education space are now asking what we can do differently to support student learning as AI solutions rapidly make their way into classrooms. Investing in research and development with a focus on understanding  teaching and learning in the age of AI will be vital to addressing current education issues.
    Auditi Chakravarty, CEO, AERDF

    District leaders will harness school safety as a strategic advantage. In 2026, K-12 district leaders will increasingly see school safety as a key driver of their biggest goals–from increasing student achievement to keeping great teachers in the classroom. Safety will show up more naturally in everyday conversations with teachers, parents, and students, underscoring how a secure, supportive environment helps everyone do their best work. As districts point to the way safer campuses improve focus, attract strong educators, and build community trust, school safety will become a clear advantage that helps move the whole district forward.
    Brent Cobb, CEO, CENTEGIX 

    Learning is no longer confined to a classroom, a schedule, or even a school building. New models are expanding what’s possible for students and prompting educators to reconsider the most effective strategies for learning. A key shift is asking students, “What is school doing for you?” Virtual and hybrid models provide students the space and time to reflect on this question, and these non-traditional approaches are expected to continue growing in 2026. Education is shifting from a focus on test-taking skills to an approach that helps students become well-rounded, self-directed learners who understand what motivates them and are better prepared for career readiness and long-term success. With that comes a need for a stronger emphasis on fostering independence. It’s equally important that students learn to build resilience themselves, and for parents and teachers to recognize that letting students stumble is part of helping them without life-altering consequences will support the best citizens of the future. Aligning education with these priorities is crucial to advancing learning for the next generation.
    –Dr. Cutler, Executive Director, Wisconsin Virtual Academy

    With reading skills continuing to lag, 2026 will be pivotal for improving K–12 literacy–especially for middle school students. Schools must double down on evidence-based strategies that foster engagement and achievement, such as targeted reading interventions that help students build confidence and reconnect with reading. We’ll likely see a strong push for tools like digital libraries and personalized reading programs to help learners gain ground before entering high school. Audiobooks and other accessible digital formats can play a key role in supporting comprehension and fluency, particularly when paired with interactive resources and educator guidance. Middle school remains a crucial stage for developing lifelong reading habits that extend beyond the classroom. The top priority will be closing learning gaps by cultivating meaningful, enjoyable reading experiences for students both in and out of school.
    –Renee Davenport, Vice President of North American Schools, OverDrive

    Virtual set design, which is popular in professional theaters and higher education institutions, is now making its way into K-12 theaters. It allows schools to use the technologies they are familiar with such as short-throw projection technology, and combine it with computer graphics, 3D modeling, real-time rendering, and projection mapping technologies to create visually-stunning sets that could not be created by building traditional sets. A great example of this is highlighted in this eSchool News’ article. Overall, virtual sets elevate theater productions at a fraction of the cost and time of building physical sets, and when students are involved in creating the virtual sets, they learn a variety of tech-related skills that will help them in future careers.
    –Remi Del Mar, Group Product Manager, Epson America, Inc.

    In 2026, more school districts will take deliberate steps to integrate career-connected learning into the K–12 experience. As the workforce continues to evolve, educators recognize that students need more than academic mastery – they need technical fluency, transferable skills, and the confidence to navigate unfamiliar challenges. Districts will increasingly turn to curricula that blend rigorous instruction with meaningful, hands-on experiences, helping students understand how what they learn in the classroom connects to real opportunities beyond it. In turn, we’ll see a growing emphasis on activity-, project-, and problem-based learning that promotes relevance, exploration, and purposeful engagement. This shift will also deepen partnerships between schools, local industries, and higher education to help ensure learning experiences reflect real workforce expectations and expose students to future pathways. By embedding these experiences into daily learning, schools can help students develop a strong foundation for lifelong learning and adaptability–redefining educational success to include readiness for life and work.
    –David Dimmett, President & CEO, Project Lead the Way

    AI will push America’s century-old education system to a breaking point. AI will make it impossible to ignore that our current education priorities are obsolete and, for millions, downright harmful. The root cause? Education’s very failed ‘success’ metrics. At long last, high-school math will get its day of reckoning, with growing calls for redirecting focus toward the ideas that matter, not micro-tidbits that adults never use and smartphones perform flawlessly. Society is in a technology revolution, but how we teach our youth hasn’t changed. Frustration is growing. Students are bored and disengaged. Parents are fearful for their children’s future. Career centers will soon become ghost towns as young people question the relevance of what and how they’re being prepared for the future. The schools that rebuild around problem-solving, reasoning, and genuine human creativity will thrive, while the rest stagnate in unavoidable debate about whether their model has any real-world value.
    Ted Dintersmith, Founder, What School Could Be

    In 2026, I anticipate several meaningful shifts in early childhood education. First, with growing recognition of the academic, social-emotional, and physical benefits of outdoor learning, more schools will prioritize creating intentional outdoor learning environments. More than just recess time, this means bringing indoor activities outdoors, so children have the chance to not only learn in nature but about nature. Additionally, as we see expansion in early childhood programs across the nation, I expect a continued focus on play-based learning. Research indicates that is how children learn best, and while there is pressure for academics and rigor, early childhood educators know play can provide that very thing. Lastly, while it’s widely known that children use their senses to learn about the world around them, I see educators being more intentional about meeting the sensory needs of all learners in their classrooms. We’ll continue to see a quest to provide environments that truly differentiate to meet individual needs in an effort to help everyone learn in the way that works best for them.
    –Jennifer Fernandez, Education Strategist, School Specialty

    As district leaders look ahead to 2026, there is a widening gap between growing special ed referrals and limited resources. With referrals now reaching more than 15 percent of all U.S. public school students, schools are under increasing pressure to make high-stakes decisions with limited staff and resources. The challenge is no longer just volume–it’s accuracy. Too often, students–especially multilingual learners–are placed in special ed not because of disability, but because their learning needs are misunderstood. Ensuring that every student receives the right support begins with getting identification right from the start. The districts that will make the most progress in the new year will focus more on improving assessment quality, not speed. This means leveraging digital tools that ease the strain on special ed teachers and school psychologists, streamlining efficiency while keeping their expert judgment at the heart of support. When accuracy becomes the foundation of special ed decision-making, schools can reallocate resources where they’re needed most and ensure that every learner is understood, supported, and given the opportunity to thrive.
    Dr. Katy Genseke, Psy.D., Director of Clinical Product Management, Riverside Insights

    In the coming year, we’ll see more districts formalize removing cell phone access in classrooms and during the school day, along with reducing passive screen time, as educators grapple with student disengagement and rising concerns about attention, learning, and well-being. This shift will spark a renewed emphasis on real-world, hands-on learning where students can physically explore scientific principles and understand where mathematical and scientific ideas come from. Schools will increasingly prioritize experiences that connect scientific concepts to the real world, helping students build curiosity and confidence in their science and math skills. Ultimately, these changes will result in learners seeing themselves in roles connected to these experiences, such as health sciences, bio tech, engineering, agricultural science, and many more, as a way to engage and prepare them for meaningful and in-demand postsecondary professions or further education.
    –Jill Hedrick, CEO, Vernier Science Education

    Across the country, I’m inspired by how many districts are embracing evidence-based literacy practices and seeking stronger alignment in their approach. At the same time, I see areas where teachers require more consistent training, tools, and support to implement these practices effectively. This moment presents a genuine opportunity for leaders to foster greater coherence and enhance implementation in meaningful ways. Looking toward 2026, my hope is that district leaders embrace a comprehensive, long-term vision for literacy and commit to true alignment across classrooms and grade levels. That means giving teachers the time, structure, and support required for effective implementation; leading with empathy as educators adopt new practices; and recognizing that real change doesn’t come from training alone but from ongoing coaching, collaboration, and commitment from leadership. National data make the urgency clear: reading gaps persist in the early grades and beyond, and too many students enter adolescence without the foundational literacy skills they need. It’s time to change the story by building teacher capacity, strengthening implementation, and ensuring every learner at every level in every classroom has access to high-quality, science-backed reading instruction.
    Jeanne Jeup, CEO & Founder, IMSE

    If 2023-2025 were the “panic and pilot” years for AI in schools, 2026 will be the year habits harden. The policies, tools, and norms districts choose now will set the defaults for how a generation learns, works, and thinks with AI. The surprise: students use AI less to shortcut work and more to stretch their thinking. In 2023 the fear was simple: “Kids will use AI to cheat.” By the end of 2026, the bigger surprise will be how many students use AI to do more thinking, not less, in schools that teach them how. We already see students drafting on their own, then using AI for formative feedback aligned to the teacher’s rubric. They ask “Why is this a weak thesis?” or “How could I make this clearer?” instead of “Write this for me.” Where adults set clear expectations, AI becomes a studio, not a vending machine. Students write first, then ask AI to critique, explain, or suggest revisions. They compare suggestions to the rubric and explain how they used AI as part of the assignment, instead of hiding it. The technology didn’t change. The adult framing did.
    –Adeel Khan, CEO, MagicSchool

    School safety conversations will include more types of emergencies. In a 2025 School Safety Trends Report that analyzed 265,000+ alerts, 99 percent of alerts were for everyday emergencies, including medical incidents and behavioral issues, while only 1 percent involved campus-wide events, such as lockdowns. Effective school safety planning must include a variety of types of emergencies, not just the extreme. While most people think of lockdowns when they hear “school safety,” it’s critical that schools have plans in place for situations like seizures or cardiac arrest. In these scenarios, the right protocols and technology save lives–in fact, approximately 1 in 25 high schools have a sudden cardiac arrest incident each year. In 2026, I believe wearable panic buttons and technology that maps the locations of medical devices, like AEDs, will become the standard for responding to these incidents.
    Jill Klausing, Teacher, School District of Lee County 

    One quarter of high seniors say they have no plans for the future, and that percentage will only grow. Educators, nonprofits, and policymakers must work to connect learning with real world skills and experiences because most kids don’t know where to start. DIY digital career exploration and navigation tools are dramatically shaping kids’ futures. High quality platforms that kids can access on their phones and mobile devices are exploding, showing options far beyond a college degree.
    –Julie Lammers, CEO, American Student Assistance

    A significant trend emerging for 2026 is the focus on evidence-based learning strategies that directly address cognitive load and instructional equity. For example, as districts implement the Science of Reading, it will become even more imperative for every student to audibly distinguish soft consonant sounds and phonemes. The hidden challenge is ambient classroom noise, which increases extraneous cognitive load, forcing students to expend unnecessary mental energy just trying to hear the lesson, and diverting their focus away from processing the actual content. Therefore, instructional audio must be treated as foundational infrastructure—as essential to learning as curriculum itself. By delivering the teacher’s voice to every student in the classroom, this technology minimizes the hearing hurdle, enabling all learners to fully engage their brains in the lesson and effectively close achievement gaps rooted in communication barriers.
    –Nathan Lang-Raad, VP of Business, Lightspeed

    AI-driven automation will help schools reclaim time and clarity from chaos: School districts will finally gain control over decades of ghost and redundant data, from student records to HR files through AI-powered content management. AI will simplify compliance, communication, and collaboration: By embedding AI tools directly into content systems, schools will streamline compliance tracking, improve data accuracy, and speed up communication between departments and families. Accessible, data-driven experiences will redefine engagement: Parents and students will expect school systems to deliver personalized, seamless experiences powered by clean, connected data.
    –Andy MacIsaac, Senior Strategic Solutions Manager for Education, Laserfiche

    In the K-12 sector, we are moving away from a ‘content delivery’ model, and toward what I call ‘The Augmented Educator.’ We know that AI and predictive algorithms are improving on the technical side of learning. They can analyze student performance data to spot micro-gaps in knowledge – like identifying that a student is struggling with calculus today because they missed a specific concept in geometry three years ago. That is predictive personalization, and it creates a perfect roadmap for what a student needs to learn. However, a roadmap is useless if the student isn’t fully on board. This is where human-connection becomes irreplaceable. AI cannot empathize with a frustrated 10-year-old. It cannot look a student in the eye and build the psychological safety required to fail and try again. The future of our industry isn’t about choosing between AI or humans; it’s about this specific synergy: Technology provides the diagnostic precision, but the human provides the emotional horsepower. I predict that the most successful tutors of the next decade will be ‘coaches’ first and ‘teachers’ second. They will use technology to handle curriculum planning, allowing them to focus 100 percent of their energy on motivation, pedagogy, and building confidence. That is the only way to keep K-12 students engaged in a digital-first world.
    Gaspard Maldonado, Head of SEO, Superprof

    If there’s one thing we see every day in classrooms, it’s that students learn differently and at their own pace, which is why committing to personalized learning is the next big step in education. This means moving beyond the old “one-size-fits-all” model and finally embracing what we’ve always known about how learning actually works. Personalization gives students something incredibly powerful: a clear sense of their own learning journey. When the curriculum, instruction, and pacing are tailored to their strengths, interests, and needs, students have better clarity and allow them to engage with their education in a way that they wouldn’t be able to in other ways. And for teachers, this shift doesn’t have to mean more complexity. With the support of smarter tools, especially AI-driven insights, the administrative burden lightens, making space for what matters most: mentoring, connecting, and building meaningful relationships with students. But personalization isn’t just about improving academic outcomes. It’s about helping students grow into resilient, self-directed thinkers who understand how to navigate their own path. When we move from generalized instruction to student-centered learning, we take a real step toward ensuring that every student has the chance to thrive.
    –Lynna Martinez-Khalilian, Chief Academic Officer, Fusion Academy

    The conversation around AI in education won’t be about replacement, it will be about renaissance. The most forward-thinking schools will use AI to automate the mundane so teachers can focus on what only humans can do: connect, inspire, and challenge students to think critically and create boldly. The future belongs to those who can harness both computational power and human imagination.
    –Jason McKenna, VP of Global Educational Strategy, VEX Robotics

    Across sectors, educational ecosystems are rapidly evolving toward skills-focused, technology-enabled, models that prepare students for a dynamic future of work. Learners are using online platforms such as iCEV to access course work, create artifacts, and share their knowledge of the subject in a creative and improved manner. Platforms like this will be utilized by CTE teachers to assist learners in building technical competencies by implementing a variety of learning models.
    –Dr. Richard McPherson, Agricultural Science Teacher, Rio Rico High School in the Santa Cruz Valley Unified School District

    In 2026, districts will confront a widening gap between the growing number of students diagnosed with specialized needs and the limited pool of clinicians available to support them. Schools will continue to face budget constraints and rising demand, which will push the field toward greater consolidation and more strategic partnerships that expand access, especially in regions that have long lacked adequate services. The organizations that succeed will be those able to scale nationally while still delivering localized, student-first support. We expect to see more attention focused on the realities of special education needs: the increasing number of students who require services, the truly limited resources, and the essential investment required in high-quality, integrated support systems that improve outcomes and make a measurable difference in students’ lives.
    –Chris Miller, CEO, Point Quest Group

    The future of K-12 projectors lies in integrated, high-performance chipsets that embed a dedicated Small Language Model (SLM), transforming the device into an AI Instructor Assistant. This powerful, low-latency silicon supports native platforms like Apple TV while primarily enabling real-time, on-board AI functions. Instructors can use simple voice commands to ask the projector to perform complex tasks: running real-time AI searches and summarization, instantly generating contextual quizzes, and providing live transcription and translation for accessibility. Additionally, specialized AI handles automated tasks like instant image auto-correction and adaptive light adjustment for student eye health. This integration turns the projector into a responsive, autonomous edge computing device, simplifying workflows and delivering instant, AI-augmented lessons in the classroom. Epson makes a great ultra short throw product that is well suited for a chipset such as this in the future.
    –Nate Moore, Executive Director of Technology, Kearsley Community Schools

    I anticipate a renewed focus on the classroom technologies that most directly strengthen student engagement. In recent research, 81 percent of K–12 IT leaders reported that student engagement is their primary measure of success, and 91 percent expect interactive tools like interactive displays, classroom cameras, and headsets to increase classroom participation in the coming year. This signals a shift toward investing in tools that enable every student to see and be seen, and hear and be heard across all learning environments. Rather than investing in the next big trend, I believe districts will prioritize technologies that consistently help learners stay focused and engaged. The year ahead will be defined not by rapid experimentation, but by the thoughtful adoption of tools that make learning more immersive, inclusive, and meaningful.
    Madeleine Mortimore, Global Education Innovation and Research Lead, Logitech

    Technology advancements will continue to accelerate in 2026 which will have a direct impact on teaching and learning. As schools seek out new and innovative ways to engage students and support deeper learning, I predict immersive technologies such as VR (virtual reality), XR (extended reality), and hybrid learning models which integrate traditional in-person teaching and online learning with VR experiences, will become more mainstream.
    –Ulysses Navarrete, Executive Director, Association of Latino Administrators and Superintendents (ALAS)

    In 2026, mathematics education will continue to shift toward teaching math the way the brain learns, prioritizing visual and meaningful context over rote memorization. By presenting concepts visually and embedding them in engaging, real-world context first, students can better understand the structure of problems, build reasoning skills, and develop confidence in their abilities. Districts that implement research-backed, neuroscience-informed approaches at scale will help students tackle increasingly complex challenges, develop critical thinking, and approach math with curiosity rather than anxiety—preparing them for a future where problem-solving and adaptive thinking are essential.
    –Nigel Nisbet, Vice President of Content Creation, MIND Education

    My prediction for 2026 is that as more people start to recognize the value of career and technical education (CTE), enrollment in CTE programs will increase, prompting schools to expand them. Technology will enhance curricula through tools such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence, while partnerships with industry will provide students with essential, real-world experiences. Moreover, there will be a greater emphasis on both technical and soft skills, ensuring graduates are well-prepared for the workforce.
    –Patti O’Maley, Vice Principal & CTE Coordinator, Payette River Tech Academy & Recently Profiled in Building High-Impact CTE Centers: Lessons from District Leaders

    In 2026, schools are poised to shift from using AI mainly as a time saver to using it as a genuine driver of better teaching and learning. Educators will still value tools that streamline tasks, but the real momentum will come from applications that sharpen instructional practice and strengthen coaching conversations. Observation Copilot is already giving a glimpse of this future. It has changed the way I conduct classroom observations by capturing evidence with clarity and aligning feedback to both district and state evaluation frameworks. As tools like this continue to evolve, the focus will move toward deeper instructional insight, more precise feedback, and richer professional growth for teachers.
    –Brent Perdue, Principal, Jefferson Elementary School in Spokane Public Schools

    The upper grades intervention crisis demands action. Most science of reading policies focus on K-3, but the recent NAEP scores showing historically low literacy among graduating seniors signal where policy will move next. States like Virginia are already expanding requirements to serve older students, and I expect this to be a major legislative focus in 2026. The pandemic-impacted students are now in seventh grade and still struggling. We can’t ignore them any longer.
    –Juliette Reid, Director of Market Research, Reading Horizons

    High schools and career and technical education (CTE) centers are increasingly seeking out opportunities to provide immersive, hands-on experiences that prepare students for the workforce. In 2026, we will see a surge in demand for virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) tools to fill this need. VR/AR experiences promote deeper understanding, better knowledge retention and faster skills acquisition, giving students a realistic way to experience different careers, understand job expectations, and learn transferable skills like communication and teamwork. Whether it’s by letting students virtually step into the role of a nurse, welder, or chef; or enabling them to participate in a VR simulated job interview, VR/AR helps students build knowledge, skills and confidence as they explore career paths and it will be a critical technology for workforce development in 2026 and beyond.
    –Gillian Rhodes, Chief Marketing Officer, Avantis Education, Creators of ClassVR

    In 2026, expect growing urgency around middle school literacy. The students who were in K–3 during the pandemic are now in middle school, and many still haven’t caught up–only 30 percent of eighth graders are reading proficiently, with no state showing gains since 2022. While there is a myth that students transition from learning to read to reading to learn after third grade, the reality is that many older students need ongoing reading support as they take on more complex texts. Years of testing pressure, fragmented time for reading instruction, and limited focus on adolescent literacy have left students underprepared for complex, content-rich texts. In 2026, expect more states and districts to invest in systemic literacy supports that extend beyond elementary school: embedding reading across subjects, rethinking instructional time, and rebuilding students’ stamina and confidence to tackle challenging material. The middle school reading crisis is as much about mindset as mechanics – and solving it will require both.
    Julie Richardson, Principal Content Designer for Literacy, NWEA

    In 2026, I expect AI in education to shift from novelty to essential infrastructure, provided we keep human involvement and student safety at the center. Across districts we’ve worked with, we consistently see that the  real value of AI is not just in creating faster workflows, but in providing students and teachers with personalized support to result in more effective teaching and learning outcomes. Research and pilot programs show the strongest gains when AI augments human teaching, offering individualized feedback and tailored practice while educators focus on higher-order instruction and student connection. As adoption accelerates, the work ahead is less about whether to use AI and more about building systems that ensure it’s safe, equitable, and pedagogically sound. Beyond just product development,  means districts will need AI strategies that center governance, privacy protections, and investing in professional development so educators have the tools and confidence they need to use AI responsibly.
    Sara Romero-Heaps, Chief Operating Officer, SchoolAI

    In 2026, K–12 education will reach a critical moment as students navigate an increasingly complex, AI-enabled world. The widening gap between the skills students develop in school and the demands of tomorrow’s workforce will draw growing attention, underscoring the need for Decision Education in classrooms nationwide. Students, parents, teachers, and education leaders are all experiencing uncertainty about the future. Schools and districts will need to integrate Decision Education more systematically so students build the dispositions and skills to make informed choices about their learning, careers, and lives. Strengthening decision-making skills gives students greater agency and helps them navigate uncertainty more effectively. Education leaders who prioritize practical approaches to closing this skills gap will be best positioned to help students thrive in a rapidly changing world.
    –David Samuelson, Executive Director, Alliance for Decision Education

    I believe 2026 will be defined by the power of local communities stepping up. We’ll see grassroots networks of educators, families, and community organizations building new models of support at the city, state, and regional levels. There will be even greater local reliance on family engagement organizations and public-private partnerships ensuring no learner gets left behind. The resilience and creativity of local communities will be education’s greatest strength in the year ahead.
    Julia Shatilo, Senior Director, SXSW EDU

    Chronic absenteeism hasn’t eased as districts hoped–it’s proving sticky. At the same time, families are exploring and normalizing hybrid and home learning models. These two patterns may share roots in flexibility, agency, and the search for alignment between how students learn and how schools operate. Taken together, they suggest ​​significant changes in how families relate to school. In response, we’ll likely see districts and states focus on earlier, more flexible outreach and clearer visibility into alternative learning pathways–not sweeping reform, but steady adjustments aimed at keeping students connected, however and wherever learning happens.
    Dr. Joy Smithson, Data Science Manager, SchoolStatus

    The goal for literacy remains the same: Every child deserves to become a capable, confident reader. But our understanding has deepened, and this will shape conversations and best practices ahead. Too often, we’ve examined each dimension of literacy in isolation–studying how children decode words without considering how teachers learn to teach those skills; creating research-backed interventions without addressing how schools can implement them with integrity; and celebrating individual student breakthroughs while overlooking systemic changes needed for ALL students to succeed. We now recognize that achieving literacy goals requires more than good intentions or strong programs. It demands clarity about what to teach, how to teach, how students learn, and how schools sustain success. The future of literacy isn’t about choosing sides between competing approaches, but about understanding how multiple sciences and disciplines can work together through an interdependent, systems-thinking approach to create transformative change. We must strengthen pathways into the profession, provide high-quality teacher preparation programs, support strong leadership, and focus on effective implementation that facilitates high-impact instruction at scale. These aren’t technical challenges but human ones that require solutions that emerge when multiple sciences and systems-thinking converge to drive lasting literacy change–and educational change more broadly.
    –Laura Stewart, Chief Academic Officer, 95 Percent Group

    In 2026, K-12 leaders are done tolerating fragmented data. Budgets are tightening, every dollar is under a microscope, and districts can’t keep making uninformed decisions while insights sit scattered across disconnected systems. When 80 percent of spending goes to people and programs, guesswork isn’t an option. This is the year districts flip the script. Leaders will want all their insights in one place–financial, staffing, and student data together–eliminating silos that obscure the ROI of their initiatives. Centralized visibility will be essential for confident decision-making, enabling districts to spot ineffective spending, remove redundant technology, and strategically redirect resources to interventions that demonstrably improve student outcomes.
    –James Stoffer, CEO, Abre

    America’s 250th anniversary this year will offer an opportunity to connect students with history and civic learning in more interactive and engaging ways. Educators will increasingly rely on approaches that help students explore the stories behind our nation’s landmarks, engage with historical events, and develop a deeper understanding of civic life. By creating hands-on and immersive learning experiences–both in-person and virtually–schools can help students build connections to history and foster the skills and curiosity that support informed citizenship.
    –Catherine Townsend, President & CEO, Trust for the National Mall

    In 2026, AI will move beyond static personalization to create truly adaptive learning paths that adjust in real time. We’ll see systems that can read engagement, emotional tone, and comprehension using signals like voice cues, interaction data, or optional camera-enabled insights. These systems will then adjust difficulty, modality, and pacing in response. The result will be the early stages of a personal tutor experience at scale, where learning feels less like a fixed curriculum and more like a responsive conversation that evolves with the learner. We are going to increasingly see the exploration of immersive learning, and how we can use VR or XR to create tailored experiences to meet specific learning goals. The real potential comes from immersive learning which is backed by learning science and has clear pedagogical patterns: brief, targeted activities that reinforce concepts, whether through gamified exploration or realistic skill-building. The market will mature into offering both creative conceptual journeys and hands-on practice, making immersive learning a strategy for deepening understanding and building real-world skills.
    Dave Treat, Global CTO, Pearson

    In 2026, edtech will move decisively beyond digital worksheets toward tools that truly enrich the teaching experience. Educators will increasingly expect platforms that integrate curriculum, pedagogy, and professional learning–supporting them in real time, not adding to their workload. With AI and better learning design, edtech will help teachers focus more on student inquiry and collaboration, igniting deeper learning rather than just digitizing old practices.
    Chris Walsh, Chief Technology & Product Officer, PBLWorks

    This year, a major pivot point will be how schools choose to allocate funding—toward emerging AI programs like ChatGPT’s education initiatives or toward hands-on materials and science equipment that ground learning in the physical world. Determining how we leverage edtech and AI without sacrificing teacher expertise, nuance, or the human connection that makes classrooms thrive will be especially important.
    –Nick Watkins, Science Teacher, Franklin Pierce School District & Vernier Trendsetters Community Member

    In 2026, independent schools will continue to navigate a period of momentum, with many experiencing rising applications and stronger retention. At the same time, leaders will face ongoing challenges: managing tighter staffing ratios, rising operational costs, and the growing gap between financial aid need and available resources; schools that prioritize strategic and nimble framing of the school’s future, innovative partnerships and programs, and intentional community engagement will be best positioned to support their students and families effectively. Independent schools will also face new opportunities and challenges that come from external forces such as the expansion of school choice and the growth of artificial intelligence. Their overall focus will continue to be on creating sustainable, student-centered environments that balance academic excellence and engagement with social-emotional care and access, ensuring independent schools remain resilient, inclusive, and impactful in a rapidly evolving educational landscape.
    –Debra P. Wilson, President, National Association of Independent Schools

    In 2026, technological advancements will continue to transform test preparation, making learning more accessible, personalized, and efficient. AI, adaptive learning, and optimized UI/UX will enable students to focus on mastering content rather than managing resources or navigating cognitive overload. These tools allow learners to target areas of improvement with precision, creating study experiences tailored to individual strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles. AI will play an increasingly central role in personalizing education, such as smarter study plans that adapt in real time, instant explanations that accelerate comprehension, and 24/7 AI tutoring that provides continuous support outside the classroom. As these technologies evolve, test prep will shift from a one-size-fits-all approach to highly customized learning journeys, enabling students to optimize their preparation and achieve measurable outcomes more efficiently. The next wave of AI-driven tools will not just assist learning, they will redefine it, empowering students to engage more deeply and achieve higher results with greater confidence.
    –Scott Woodbury-Stewart, Founder & CEO, Target Test Prep

    Edtech is advancing at an extremely rapid pace, driven by the proliferation of AI and immersive tools. In the next year, there will be leaps in how these technologies are integrated into personalized learning pathways. Specifically, schools will be able to utilize technology to make education much smarter and more personalized via AI, and more immersive and experiential via augmented and virtual reality. Additionally, the integration of gamification and true learning science is likely to broaden the ways students will engage with complex material. With these advancements, educators can expect the emergence of holistic and integrated ecosystems that go beyond just teaching academic content to ones that monitor and support mental health and well-being, build work-applicable skills, offer college and career guidance, develop peer communities, and follow students throughout their academic careers.
    –Dr. A. Jordan Wright, Chief Clinical Officer, Parallel Learning

    In 2026, meaningful progress in math education will depend less on chasing the next new idea and more on implementing proven instructional practices with consistency and coherence. Schools and districts will need to move beyond fragmented reforms and align leadership, curriculum, and instruction around a shared vision of high‑quality math learning. This includes cultivating strong math identity for learners and educators, balancing conceptual understanding with procedural fluency, and ensuring learning builds logically and cumulatively over time. When systems commit to these evidence‑based principles and support teachers with aligned professional learning, the conditions are set for sustained improvements in student math outcomes nationwide.
    –Beth Zhang, Co‑President of Lavinia Group, K12 Coalition

    Laura Ascione
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  • College Meltdown 2026 (Glen McGhee)

    College Meltdown 2026 (Glen McGhee)

    As the United States moves deeper into the 2020s, the College Meltdown is no longer a speculative concept but a structural reality. The crisis touches nearly every part of the system: enrollment, finances, labor, governance, and the perceived value of a college degree itself. The forces fueling this meltdown are not sudden shocks but accumulated pressures — demographic contraction, policy failures, privatization schemes, student debt burdens, and decades of mission drift — that now converge in 2026 with unprecedented intensity.

    The Waning of College Mania

    For decades, higher education sold an uncomplicated dream: go to college, get ahead, and move securely into the middle class. This college mania was promoted by policymakers, corporate interests, university marketers, and a compliant media ecosystem. But the spell is breaking. Students at elite universities are skipping classes, disillusioned not only by campus turmoil but by the reality that a degree, even from a prestigious institution, no longer guarantees a stable future. Employers increasingly question the value of credentials that have become inflated, inconsistent, and disconnected from workplace needs.

    Yet paradoxically, many jobs still require degrees — not because the work demands them, but because credentialing has become a screening mechanism. The U.S. has built a system in which people must spend tens of thousands of dollars for access to a job that may not even require the knowledge their degree supposedly certifies. This contradiction lies at the heart of the meltdown.

    Moody’s Confirms the Meltdown: A Negative Outlook for 2026

    The financial rot is now too deep to ignore. Moody’s Investors Service recently issued a negative outlook for all of U.S. higher education for FY2026, confirming what researchers, debtors, and frontline faculty have been warning for years. Demographic decline continues to shrink the pool of traditional college-age students, leaving hundreds of institutions with no plausible path to enrollment stability.

    Moody’s expects expenses to grow 4.4% in 2026, while revenues will grow only 3.5% — and for small tuition-dependent institutions, revenue growth may fall to 2.5–2.7%. In other words, the business model simply no longer works. Institutions are already turning to hiring freezes, early retirements, shared services, layoffs, and mergers. These austerity strategies hit labor and students hardest while preserving administrative bloat at the top, mirroring broader patterns of inequality across the U.S. economy.

    Compounding the problem, federal loan reforms — particularly the elimination or capping of Grad PLUS loans — threaten universities that rely on overpriced master’s programs as revenue engines. Many of these programs were built during the boom years as financial lifelines, not academic commitments. The bottom is falling out of that model too.

    [Image: HEI’s baseline model shows steady losses between 2026 and 2036. And it could get much worse].  

    White-Collar Unemployment and the Broken Value Proposition

    A new generation is confronting economic realities that undermine the old promise of higher education. Recent data show that college graduates now make up roughly 25% of all unemployed Americans, a startling indicator of white-collar contraction. The unemployment rate for bachelor’s degree holders rose to 2.8%, up half a point in a year.

    If higher education was once treated as an automatic economic escalator, it is now a much riskier gamble — often with a lifetime of debt attached.

    Demographic Collapse and Institutional Failures

    The so-called “demographic cliff” is no longer a future event; colleges in the Midwest, Northeast, and South are already competing for shrinking numbers of high-school graduates. Some institutions have resorted to predatory recruitment, deceptive marketing, and desperate discounting — the same tactics that fueled the for-profit college boom and collapse.

    Meanwhile, the FAFSA disaster, mismanagement at the Department of Education, and the chaos surrounding federal financial aid verification have caused enrollment delays and intensified uncertainty. Institutions like Phoenix Education Partners (PXED) are already trying to shift blame for their own recruitment failures and history of fraud onto the federal government, signaling a new round of accountability evasion reminiscent of the Corinthian Colleges and ITT Tech eras.

    Student Debt, Inequality, and Loss of Legitimacy

    Student debt remains above $1.7 trillion, reshaping the life trajectories of millions and reinforcing racial and class disparities. Black borrowers, first-generation students, and low-income communities bear the heaviest burdens. Many institutions — especially elite medical centers and flagship universities — are simultaneously cash-rich and inequality-producing, perpetuating the dual structure of American higher education: privilege for the few, precarity for the many.

    Faculty and staff face their own meltdown. Contingent labor now constitutes the majority of the instructional workforce, while administrators grow more numerous and more insulated from accountability. Shared governance is weakened, academic freedom is eroding, and political interference is rising, particularly in states targeting DEI programs, history curricula, and dissent.

    The Road Ahead: Contraction, Consolidation, and Possibility

    The College Meltdown will continue in 2026. More closures are coming, especially among small private colleges and underfunded regional publics. Mergers will be framed as “strategic realignments,” but for many communities — especially rural and historically marginalized ones — they will represent the loss of an anchor institution.

    Yet contraction also opens space for reimagining. The United States could choose to rebuild higher education around equity, public purpose, and social good, rather than market metrics and debt financing. That would require:

    • substantial public reinvestment,

    • free or low-cost pathways for essential programs,

    • accountability for predatory institutions,

    • democratized governance, and

    • a commitment to racial and economic justice.

    Whether the nation takes this opportunity remains unclear. What is certain is that the system built on college mania, easy credit, and limitless expansion is collapsing — and Moody’s latest warning simply confirms what students, workers, and communities have felt for years.

    The College Meltdown is here. And it’s reshaping the future of higher education in America.

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  • Teaching, AI, and the Longing to Connect

    Teaching, AI, and the Longing to Connect

    Late yesterday, I logged into LinkedIn and saw that I had been mentioned in a post about AI. This person was vocal in his ongoing resistance to AI and vented a bit at those who seem to be not thinking critically in their adoption of it. I was listed among those who he said that he respected, in terms of how we were approaching it, despite his disagreement. I felt honored to have been thought of in his mind as someone who is carefully considering how to use or not use it, depending on the circumstances.

    That any part of my cognitive dissonance was showing up in anything that made the slightest bit of sense or left a positive impression had me go to bed feeling optimistic last night. When I woke up, his post was gone. He said he had regretted the tone of it and that his harshness wasn’t representative of how he wanted to go into the new year. While I took his mention of my “learning out loud” as an enormous compliment, I recognize that I wasn’t reading his message from the perspective of those not specifically named as among those he had respect for, but rather from the paradigm of those he was criticizing. His desire to consider how he hoped to frame the new year resonated, even if I did wish I had grabbed a screenshot of it to store in my encouragement folder.

    As I consider what messages keep rising up in seemingly random places, perhaps as a clue to what to take into the new year, one theme emerges more than any other. I keep seeing references to the word ‘return’ in podcasts I’ve been listening to, as well as in some reading I’ve been doing. On Episode 551, Peter Felten recommended the book Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow: A Novel, by Gabrielle Zevin. The book sounded intriguing at the time, though I’m only just getting to it now, more than a year after our conversation. Such is the life of someone who has the privilege of hearing about wonderful books at least a few times each week. I don’t want to give too much away, but I think the words from a New York Times review (gift link) give you a flavor without me spoiling anything:

    Gabrielle Zevin’s novel “Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow” is a love letter to the literary gamer… This is a story about brilliant young game designers — and Zevin burns precisely zero calories arguing that game designers are creative artists of the highest order. Instead, she accepts that as a given, and wisely so, for the best of them plainly are. “There is no artist,” one of her characters says, “more empathetic than the game designer.”

    At one point, the book references a game that lets you skip back and forth between worlds via a code word. There are also some plot points in which the characters wonder what would have happened if they had made a different choice in their life, or even turned a few seconds earlier (giving me Sliding Doors vibes), or said how they really felt. I’m more than halfway through and keep wishing that they could return to themselves and to each other in ways they are ill equipped to do at this point. The song, Return to Me, has been playing in the soundtrack of my mind, throughout these micro-meditations I’ve been experiencing on the idea of returning.

    The lyrics keep returning, as I consider those yearnings many of us have around our teaching and our life long learning.

    Return to me
    Oh, my dear, I’m so lonely
    Hurry back, hurry back, oh my love
    Hurry back, I’m yours

    In Voltaire on Working the Gardens of Our Classrooms, James Lang invites us to return to the familiar cultivating and harvesting we have been doing in our teaching for longer than most of us have known about something called general artificial intelligence. He describes the anxiety and anger felt by many, at the invasion of our classrooms by this technology which threatens to circumvent the very core skills and wisdom we seek to develop through our teaching. One of the older family members in the Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow describes her disappointment at the shortcuts that too many people take, when it comes to producing fabric using technology.

    The character complains:

    “Computers make everything too easy,” she said with a sigh. “People design very quickly on a monitor, and they print on some enormous industrial printer in a warehouse in a distant country, and the designer hasn’t touched a piece of fabric at any point in the process or gotten her hands dirty with ink. Computers are great for experimentation, but they’re bad for deep thinking.”

    I’m never sure if I’m experiencing the recency effect, or if it really is more difficult to reach students than it used to be… GenAI make it simple to extrude text that meets explicitly stated criteria across many contexts and the idea of spending this one, precious life focused on the fight against that feels meaningless. Loneliness can sneak in, particularly when teaching primarily asynchronous courses, which I do about half the time.

    Return to me
    For my heart wants you only
    Hurry home, hurry home, won’t you please
    Hurry home to my heart

    Our son (L) got his first mobile phone for Christmas. This morning, we walked to the nearest Starbucks, which is just under two miles from our house. On the way, both kids participated in the augmented reality experience that is Pokemon. They used to play a little when the game first entered the scene on mobile phones, but there’s something all together different about having your own phone, I fully realize. Our daughter used my phone and kept asking as we walked if I wanted her to catch Pokemon or do battle at some Pokestop. Lest you worry that we’ve lost our children forever to these digital worlds and that they will never return to us, last night gave me a hint that it is far more complicated than that.

    L had been asking me to go for walks four or five times a day, as each time offered a new way to level up, or otherwise collect various types of Pokemon characters. When we got home from dinner at our favorite Japanese restaurant, he asked if I would walk and I reluctantly obliged. It was close to 9 PM and I was exhausted, especially after having gone to Jazzercise with my Mom that morning. However, I decided to go and packed the handwarmers he bought Dave and I for Christmas in my pockets. When we reached the point halfway down the steep hill near our house, I pulled out my phone to spin the “thingy” that lets you collect items such as berries and pokeballs (not sure that’s their official name). It surprised me that L’s phone remained in his pocket and I reminded him not to forget the loot off to his right.

    “I didn’t bring my phone,” he said, indicating that he just wanted to enjoy the walk with me. It was later in the walk that he lamented that his screentime limits don’t let him use apps after the 9 PM cutoff. I had tried to give him the app-specific permission the other night on a walk and it hadn’t worked. I’ll never know if he really was looking forward to walking with me, or if this was some subversive plot to gain greater autonomy over his screen limits. Either way, it was a wonderful walk. I left with the familiar nuanced feelings of being a parent to two curious, kind, and smart kids.

    My darling
    If I hurt you I’m sorry
    Forgive me
    And please say you are mine

    This semester, I was treated to some of the most unique writing I’ve read in a long while from any of the students taking classes with me. I teach a class called Personal Leadership and Productivity in which students set up a GTD (Getting Things Done) system during the semester and make use of the GTD Workflow Processing and Organizing Diagram quite a bit. I even used Canva’s AI code generating feature to create this game to help support their learning about the GTD workflow diagram, since this is an often-confused concept from the course. One exercise from David Allen is the mind sweep, in which you use trigger lists to empty your mind. Allen tells us:

    Your mind is for having ideas, not holding them.

    Freeing our mind up for having ideas involves the mind sweep, so students go through the process about five times during the semester. Thus far, this seems an assignment that is likely not worth trying to get AI to complete it for them, so I rarely see what appears to be AI-generated text. However, I would describe much of what I see as varying in levels of transparency and detail. One student this semester had the most unique and delightful responses I’ve ever read. This is when I let you down easy, as I won’t be sharing what she wrote here. I didn’t ask her permission and doing so would have felt like I was taking advantage of all these treasures she shared with me.

    Return to me
    Please come back bella mia
    Hurry back, hurry home to my arms
    To my lips and my heart

    This semester, I also added some times in which students had to sign up to meet with me and a small group of others from the class for what I referred to as the Personal Leadership Learning Labs. I later heard Meghan Donnelly on the Think UDL podcast call these assessments Conversational Quizzes and I like that name quite a bit. When I met with the student who brought me so much joy with what she shared in her mind sweeps, she told me how edifying my words had been to her, as she read my feedback on these assignments. She just happened to be the only student who had signed up for that particular time slot, so I was able to speak freely with her about some of the things she had shared.

    I didn’t want to scare her with my exuberance over her being so authentic in her writing and sharing with me in real time. It had just been so long since I had experienced in such a visceral way the highs and lows of college life. I missed the unpredictability and messiness of the writing I would see prior to the vast emergence of chat-based large language models. However, I also recall being frustrated in my younger days of teaching at what seemed to be careless grammatical errors and rushing through assignments. Now, I more enjoy seeing typos, though have to remind myself that most students are well aware that they can add in these clues of humanness in writing through their prompts to avoid being identified as having used AI in ways that don’t live up to the expectations outlined in the assignment.

    Ritorna me
    Cara mia ti amo
    Solo tu, solo tu, solo tu
    Solo tu, mi amor

    The more I reflect on these desires to return to another time when it was easier to connect with students, the more I’m convinced that it has always been incredibly challenging. Dave Cormier describes the longer arc of these challenges, which are just that much more visible through the rapid expansion of chat-based large language models in his post In Search of Quality Points of Contact with Students. He writes:

    I think the crisis is 25 years in the making and AI is the lens through which can finally see the problem for what it is. We have spent 250 years (give or take) trying to find ways to scale up our education system to try and teach more people, often with fewer resources.

    Cormier goes on to describe how important letting students know why we are asking them to learn things and also how vital engagement is… That’s probably one of the reasons I felt so connected to the student whose mind sweep was rich with stresses, ideas, and celebrations of her own, unique life. And to why I understand the need to vent on social media, sometimes, even if we ultimately decide it isn’t quite what we want to bring into the new year, after all.

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  • The Year of the AI Agent in Higher Education

    The Year of the AI Agent in Higher Education

    Reading Time: 15 minutes

    Higher education is entering a new era defined by proactive, intelligent digital helpers. Tech leaders such as Marc Benioff and Sam Altman have described 2025 as a pivotal year for AI agents, as colleges shift from basic chatbots to more advanced, autonomous AI systems. AI agents are not just tools; they are digital partners designed to support the entire student lifecycle.

    AI agents are transforming how colleges recruit, support, and engage learners. Unlike static chatbots, these systems analyze context, adapt over time, and take initiative. Their capabilities include automating application nudges, answering complex questions, and supporting academic success. This marks a major technological leap for institutions aiming to do more with fewer resources.

    In this article, we’ll define what AI agents are, explain how they differ from traditional digital assistants, and explore the growing role of agentic AI in higher education. We’ll also highlight practical benefits and examine why 2025 is a turning point for adoption.

    Are you prepared for the next evolution of enrollment and student support?

    What Is an AI Agent in Higher Education?

    In higher education, an AI agent is a software-based digital colleague designed to carry out tasks and make decisions autonomously, much like a human team member. Unlike traditional rule-based chatbots or static analytics dashboards, AI agents are dynamic, context-aware, and capable of proactive engagement. They anticipate needs, analyze data, and take meaningful action without waiting for human prompts.

    Key Capabilities of AI Agents in Higher Ed:

    • Real-Time Data Analysis: AI agents continuously ingest data from various systems, such as student information systems (SIS), learning management systems (LMS), and CRMs, and analyze it instantly. For example, if a student hasn’t logged into their course portal in over a week, the agent can flag this as a concern before a human staff member might even notice.
    • Complex Reasoning: While a basic chatbot might reply, “You missed your payment deadline,” an AI agent can infer that the student might be facing financial hardship. It reasons through that context and may recommend financial aid outreach or support services.
    • Proactive Action: Rather than waiting for a student to reach out, an AI agent can send reminders, book appointments, or trigger alerts based on predefined conditions and patterns it observes. This proactive behavior is one of the defining features that separates agents from other digital tools.
    • Human Collaboration: AI agents are not replacements for staff but digital teammates. They handle repetitive and data-heavy tasks, freeing up staff to focus on complex, high-touch interactions like one-on-one advising or sensitive student concerns.

    Imagine a first-year student named Alex who begins missing classes and deadlines. An AI agent, let’s call it “Corey,” detects these signs, reviews Alex’s recent activity, and notices additional indicators such as a missed financial aid deadline and a recent visit to the counseling center. Corey logs this information and acts.

    Corey sends Alex a supportive message suggesting tutoring and financial aid options, recommends an advising appointment, and even books a time. It also notifies the academic advisor and shares a detailed context summary, ensuring a more informed, empathetic meeting. Behind the scenes, the agent identifies other at-risk students based on similar patterns and launches personalized interventions.

    This example illustrates the power of agentic AI in higher education in managing complex student workflows with speed, precision, and care. From recruitment and enrollment to retention and autonomous student support, AI agents are redefining digital service delivery across higher education.

    AI Agents vs. Chatbots: How Are They Different?

    As colleges explore digital tools to improve student support and enrollment outcomes, it’s critical to understand the difference between AI agents and traditional chatbots. While the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably, their capabilities and strategic value are markedly different.

    Reactive vs. Proactive

    Chatbots are reactive tools. They wait for a student to initiate a question and respond with a scripted answer, often drawn from an FAQ database. Their usefulness is limited to straightforward interactions like, “What’s the application deadline?” AI agents, by contrast, are proactive. 

    They can detect when something needs attention, such as a missing transcript or a disengaged student, and initiate outreach or action without being prompted.

    Scripted Responses vs. Intelligent Actions

    Chatbots operate within a narrow script. If a question falls outside their programmed flow, they may fail to respond meaningfully. AI agents go further. They are autonomous systems capable of analyzing context, making decisions, and completing tasks. 

    For example, if a student asks about uploading a transcript, a chatbot might share a link. An AI agent would identify the missing document, send a personalized reminder, check for completion, and escalate if necessary, driving the outcome rather than just responding.

    Single-Channel vs. Omnichannel Engagement

    Chatbots often live on a single webpage and lack memory of past conversations. AI agents work across platforms, web chat, SMS, email, and student portals, and retain context across all interactions. They recognize students, recall prior discussions, and tailor communications accordingly, enabling more seamless and personalized support.

    FAQ Support vs. Lifecycle Engagement

    Chatbots help with quick answers, but AI agents support multi-step processes and lifecycle touchpoints. In admissions, for instance, a chatbot might handle inquiries, but an AI agent can follow up on incomplete applications, suggest resources, and nurture leads through enrollment. In student services, chatbots may share library hours, while AI agents detect academic disengagement and initiate support outreach.

    In short, chatbots answer questions. AI agents drive outcomes. As one expert noted, chatbots are like automated help desks, while AI agents function as full digital assistants embedded in institutional workflows. In an era of rising service expectations and limited staff capacity, this distinction matters more than ever. Institutions that embrace AI agents gain a powerful ally in delivering timely, personalized, and outcome-driven student experiences.

    How Do AI Agents Benefit Colleges and Students?

    The excitement around AI agents in higher education isn’t just about cool technology. It’s about solving real problems and creating tangible improvements for both institutions and learners. Here are some of the major benefits AI agents offer:

    1. Enhanced Student Support: Personalized, Timely, 24/7

    AI agents provide around-the-clock assistance, giving every student a digital personal assistant. Whether it’s midnight before an assignment is due or a weekend deadline looms, students can get timely help. More importantly, the support becomes proactive. For example, Georgia State University’s “Pounce” chatbot texts reminders to new students about critical steps like completing financial aid. 

    The result? Summer loss dropped from 19% to 9%, meaning hundreds more students showed up in the fall. Multiple surveys indicate that a significant share of students feel AI-powered tools help them learn more effectively, often citing faster access to personalized support.

    2. Increased Efficiency and Staff Augmentation

    AI agents act as force multipliers for campus teams. They handle thousands of repetitive inquiries, freeing staff for high-value work. Maryville University’s AI assistant “Max” answers thousands of student questions each month, resolving the majority without the need for human intervention.

    Some institutions report up to 75% time savings on routine tasks. Agents send deadline reminders, track document submissions, and streamline follow-ups. This eases staff workload and ensures faster responses for students.

    3. Improved Outcomes (Enrollment, Retention, and Success)

    AI agents improve key metrics. Integrated AI systems have been linked to measurable gains in student engagement and retention, particularly when used to support proactive outreach and early intervention.

    At Bethel University, a chatbot named “Riley” helps identify and guide prospective students to relevant resources, reducing the risk of drop-off. Since every 1% yield increase can represent hundreds of thousands in tuition revenue, tools that drive application completion and enrollment are essential.

    4. Consistency, Accuracy, and Scalability

    AI agents help deliver more consistent and accurate information across student-facing touchpoints. Unlike human staff who may interpret rules differently, agents follow uniform protocols. They scale effortlessly during peak periods. 

    When the University of Pretoria launched its chatbot, it handled 30,000+ queries in just months, easing pressure on staff and speeding up student responses. In crises or transitions, agents can quickly disseminate accurate updates to thousands.

    5. More Engaging and Proactive Student Experience

    AI agents make engagement feel more personalized. They nudge students with reminders and timely suggestions, reducing anxiety. For instance, an agent might prompt early tutoring or check in on disengaged students. 

    Nearly 48% of students report that chatbots improve their academic performance. For routine questions, many prefer AI over navigating office bureaucracy.

    6. Addressing Staff Challenges and Burnout

    With high student-to-staff ratios, burnout is common. AI agents ease this by managing low-level tasks, allowing staff to focus on complex support. Georgia Tech’s AI teaching assistant “Jill Watson” answered student questions so effectively that many didn’t realize she wasn’t human. The result was higher satisfaction and improved grades. Faculty benefit from fewer repetitive queries and more time for meaningful instruction.

    7. Data-Driven Decision Making

    AI agents generate actionable insights. For example, if hundreds of students ask how to change majors, administrators might simplify that process. Rising mental health-related queries might justify expanding counseling services. These agents serve students individually and help institutions see patterns and improve policies.

    AI agents are not about replacing human support. Instead, they enhance it. They handle scale, speed, and consistency, while humans deliver empathy, strategy, and complex care. In the ideal model, AI handles the routine so people can focus on relationships, creating a stronger, more responsive higher education experience for all.

    Why 2025 Is Called “The Year of the AI Agent”

    AI in higher education is not new. Predictive analytics, early chatbots, and automated workflows have existed on campuses for years. So Why is 2025 considered the “Year of the AI Agent”?

    The answer lies in a rare convergence of technological maturity, institutional urgency, and cultural readiness. Together, these forces have pushed AI agents out of experimentation and into real, scalable deployment across higher education.

    From Generative AI Hype to Agentic Execution

    The last few years have delivered dramatic advances in generative AI, particularly large language models capable of human-like reasoning and communication. By late 2024, however, many institutions were still grappling with a familiar challenge: impressive technology without clear operational value.

    That changed as agentic AI frameworks emerged. Unlike standalone chatbots, AI agents can reason across systems, make decisions, and take action autonomously. By 2025, the standards, tooling, and governance models needed to deploy these agents had largely solidified. Technology leaders across industries began openly describing 2025 as the moment when AI moves from novelty to infrastructure, and higher education followed suit.

    A Shift From Reactive to Proactive Campus Systems

    Perhaps the most profound change is philosophical. Traditional campus technologies are reactive: staff respond to dashboards, alerts, or student inquiries after problems arise. AI agents invert that model.

    In 2025, institutions are deploying systems that continuously monitor behavior, detect risk signals, and intervene before issues escalate. Instead of waiting for a student to ask for help, AI agents can proactively reach out with reminders, resources, or guidance. This shift, from responding to problems to preventing them, marks a fundamental evolution in how universities support students.

    A Mature Ecosystem Ready for Scale

    Another reason 2025 stands out is ecosystem readiness. Major CRM and LMS platforms now support AI agent integrations, while many universities have already launched institution-wide AI environments that allow teams to build custom tools safely and responsibly.

    Equally important, AI literacy has improved dramatically. Faculty, administrators, and students now have a shared baseline understanding of AI, reducing resistance and accelerating adoption. The organizational “soil,” in other words, is finally fertile.

    Urgency in a Challenging Higher Ed Landscape

    The broader context cannot be ignored. Enrollment pressure, budget constraints, staffing shortages, and growing student support needs have created an acute demand for scalable solutions. AI agents offer a compelling return on investment: automating routine tasks, extending staff capacity, and directly supporting recruitment, retention, and student success.

    Early results have reinforced this case, demonstrating that modest investments can yield outsized operational and experiential gains.

    Momentum and Institutional Confidence

    Finally, momentum matters. As respected associations, peer institutions, and sector leaders publicly endorse AI adoption, hesitation gives way to action. The conversation has shifted decisively, from “Should we use AI?” to “How do we implement it effectively and responsibly?”

    Taken together, these forces explain why 2025 feels different. This is the year of AI execution in higher education. Agentic AI has moved from concept to practice, and institutions embracing it now are redefining what responsive, student-centered operations look like in the modern university.

    Real-World Examples of AI Agents in Higher Ed

    University of Toronto (Canada): U of T is integrating AI agents into autonomous student support and advising. A university-wide task force recommended deploying AI tools in these areas, and a pilot program is underway for a course-specific AI chatbot that lives on course websites. This “virtual tutor” agent can answer students’ questions about class materials and guide them through content.

    Unlike public chatbots, U of T’s version runs on a secure platform with course-specific knowledge, protecting instructors’ content and student privacy. If successful, the AI tutor will be rolled out across the institution to enhance how students receive academic help outside of class.

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    Source: University of Toronto

    Arizona State University (USA): ASU has implemented AI-powered digital assistants – including a voice-activated campus chatbot through Amazon’s Alexa. In a first-of-its-kind program, ASU provided Echo Dot smart speakers to students in a high-tech dorm and launched an “ASU” Alexa skill that anyone can use to get campus information.

    Students can ask the voice assistant about dining hall menus, library hours, campus events, and more. This AI agent offers on-demand answers via natural conversation, extending student engagement and support to a hands-free, 24/7 format.

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    Source: Arizona State University

    University of British Columbia (Canada): UBC is leveraging AI agents to enhance advising and student services. For example, the Faculty of Science piloted “AskCali,” an AI academic advising assistant that uses generative AI to answer students’ questions about course requirements and program planning at any time of day.

    AskCali draws on UBC’s academic calendar and official documents to provide accurate, personalized guidance, helping students navigate complex requirements. UBC’s Okanagan campus has also deployed chatbots for departments like IT help and student services, reportedly handling the vast majority of routine inquiries and dramatically reducing wait times.

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    Source: University of British Columbia

    University of Michigan (USA): U–M has rolled out AI-driven assistants to support students in academics and campus life. Notably, the College of Literature, Science, and Arts introduced “LSA Maizey,” a 24/7 AI advising chatbot described as a “smart sidekick for college life.” Maizey answers questions about degree requirements, academic policies, registration, study strategies, and more – anytime, day or night. It provides links to official information and helps students find advising info outside of business hours.

    This AI agent augments U–M’s human advisors by handling common queries and pointing students to the right resources instantly. (U–M has also developed a campus-wide assistant called “MiMaizey” for general questions like dining, events, and wayfinding, further personalizing the student experience)

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    Source: University of Michigan

    Harvard University (USA): Harvard is experimenting with autonomous AI tutors and assistants to improve learning and advising. In one pilot, Harvard faculty built a custom AI “tutor bot” for an introductory science course that allows students to get immediate help with difficult concepts outside of class.

    Students could ask this bot unlimited questions at their own pace, without fear of judgment, and a study found it improved engagement and motivation in the course. Harvard’s IT department has also launched AI chat assistants (nicknamed “HUbot” and “PingPong”) to aid students with tech or academic questions, and Harvard Business School tested an AI teaching assistant in a finance course.

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    Source: Harvard University

    Stanford University (USA): Stanford has been a leader in using AI agents to support students academically. One example is a Stanford-developed AI system that monitors online learning platforms to detect when a student is struggling. Researchers created a machine-learning agent that predicts when a student will start “wheel-spinning” (getting stuck repeatedly on practice problems) and recommends targeted interventions to help the student overcome the obstacle.

    Essentially, the AI acts like an autonomous tutor/coach in self-paced digital courses, flagging at-risk students and suggesting that instructors or the system intervene (for example, by reviewing an earlier concept). Beyond this, Stanford has trialed AI chatbots as virtual TAs in large classes (answering common questions on course forums) and used data-driven AI models to alert advisors about students who may need support.

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    Source: Stanford University

    University of Sydney (Australia): The University of Sydney developed “Cogniti,” an AI platform that serves as an “AI stunt double” for instructors, essentially allowing teachers to clone their expertise into custom AI agents for their courses. More than 800 Sydney faculty are already using Cogniti to support their teaching.

    These AI agents (designed by the educators themselves) can answer student questions, provide instant feedback on practice exercises, and offer guidance 24/7, in alignment with the instructor’s curriculum and guidelines.

    For example, a speech pathology class uses a Cogniti bot that role-plays as a patient’s parent to help students practice clinical conversations. Cogniti won a national award for innovation, and it’s given students at Sydney access to personalized help at all hours – while letting instructors remain in control of the AI’s scope and knowledge.

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    Source: University of Sydney

    Deakin University (Australia): Deakin Genie is a pioneering digital assistant that has been serving Deakin students since late 2018. Branded as a “digital concierge,” Genie lives in the Deakin University mobile app and uses AI (natural-language processing with voice and text) to help students navigate university life. It can answer thousands of common questions (“When is my assignment due?”, “Where is the library?”), manage personal schedules and reminders, and even proactively prompt students to study or register for classes.

    Genie’s rollout was phased; it started with pilot groups and went university-wide in 2018. Within the first year, its user base more than doubled, reaching over 25,000 student downloads by 2019. At peak times (such as the start of term), Genie handles up to 12,000 conversations per day, a volume equivalent to Deakin’s call center traffic. Top queries center on first-year needs: class timetables, assignment details, finding unit (course) resources, and key dates. The Genie team closely monitors performance and tracks whether Genie’s answers resolve the question or if a human staff follow-up is needed, continually updating Genie’s knowledge base and dialog flow. 

    This iterative improvement has paid off in high student satisfaction; many students treat Genie like a supportive “friend” always on hand. Genie is also context-aware: it knows who the student is (program, year, campus) and personalizes responses (“Your next class is…”, “Your assignment 2 is due next Monday”).

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    Source: Deakin University

    Humans + AI Agents: A New Collaborative Workforce

    As AI agents gain traction across higher education, one point deserves emphasis: their value lies not in replacing people, but in working alongside them. The most successful institutions view AI agents as tools that extend human capacity rather than diminish it. 

    The goal is a blended workforce in which routine, data-heavy tasks are automated, freeing faculty and staff to focus on what humans do best: empathy, judgment, creativity, and mentorship.

    In practice, this collaboration is already taking shape across campus operations. Admissions offices are using AI agents to track application completeness and communicate with prospective students, while human counselors retain responsibility for final decisions and nuanced conversations. 

    Advising teams rely on agents to monitor engagement data and flag potential risks, but the advising itself remains a human-centered interaction and is strengthened by better insight and preparation rather than automated away.

    This shift also requires a cultural adjustment. Institutions leading the way are investing in AI literacy and professional development to help staff understand how these tools work and how they can be applied responsibly. When employees are empowered to experiment and contribute ideas, AI adoption becomes collaborative rather than imposed, encouraging innovation from the ground up.

    From Experimentation to Organizational Advantage

    Human oversight remains essential to responsible AI deployment. AI agents operate most effectively within clear governance frameworks that prioritize data privacy, institutional policy alignment, and human oversight. For high-impact decisions, such as academic standing, financial aid determinations, or student well-being, humans stay firmly in the loop. The agent may analyze data or draft recommendations, but people make the final call.

    Importantly, AI agents can actually strengthen the human touch. By helping staff prioritize outreach and monitor large student populations, they reduce the likelihood that students fall through the cracks. The result is a campus environment that is more responsive, more personalized, and ultimately more humane, where technology supports, rather than replaces, meaningful human connection.

    Are you prepared for the next evolution of enrollment and student support?

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Question: What is an AI agent in higher education? 

    Answer: In higher education, an AI agent is a software-based digital colleague designed to carry out tasks and make decisions autonomously, much like a human team member. Unlike traditional rule-based chatbots or static analytics dashboards, AI agents are dynamic, context-aware, and capable of proactive engagement. They anticipate needs, analyze data, and take meaningful action without waiting for human prompts.

    Question: How do AI agents benefit colleges and students?

    Answer:  The excitement around AI agents in higher education isn’t just about cool technology. It’s about solving real problems and creating tangible improvements for both institutions and learners. Here are some of the major benefits AI agents offer:

    Question: Why is 2025 considered the “Year of the AI Agent”?

    Answer: The answer lies in a rare convergence of technological maturity, institutional urgency, and cultural readiness. Together, these forces have pushed AI agents out of experimentation and into real, scalable deployment across higher education.

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  • The worst of both worlds for campus free speech

    The worst of both worlds for campus free speech

    This op-ed originally appeared in The Dispatch on Dec. 30, 2025.


    2025 was the worst year for campus censorship in decades, and that’s because it’s coming from every possible direction — especially the MAGAverse. 

    For most of my career, the biggest threat to free speech on campus came from inside higher education: the on-campus left (students, yes, but more importantly administrators) using the power of investigation and discipline to punish “wrongthink.” The right pushed, too, but those pushes overwhelmingly originated off campus. This makes sense, given that there simply aren’t that many conservatives in the student body, on the faculty, or — least of all — among administrators in higher education.

    In 2025, what changed was the balance of power and the source of the pressure. The federal government and state governments, using the levers of state power, are now the leading forces behind attempts to punish campus speech. In the data my organization, the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, tracks — our Students Under Fire database — incidents involving censorship attempts from politicians or government officials jumped to roughly a third of all cases this year. In 2024, those incidents didn’t crack double digits. 

    It’s just as bad for faculty. This year, a record 525 Scholar Under Fire incidents occurred, far eclipsing the previous high of 203 in 2021. One mass-censorship incident at the U.S. Naval Academy accounts for almost three-fifths of the entries. However, even if we treat this event as a single incident, 2025 was still a record year in our Scholars Under Fire database, with 216 entries. Worse, from 2000 through the end of 2024, we recorded 102 entries with politicians as one of the sources of a cancellation campaign. This year alone, we recorded 114.

    This produces the bleakest speech landscape imaginable: Government pressure is skyrocketing, while the internal campus coalition that helped create this vulnerability in the first place hasn’t disappeared — creating a worst-of-both-worlds squeeze on the expressive rights of students and faculty.

    For years, the core campus free-speech problem wasn’t merely bureaucratic. It was an unholy alliance. Administrators, who had been a problem for my entire career (especially those whose job titles quietly evolved into ideological enforcement roles like “DEI dean”) joined forces with a wave of highly activist, more speech-ambivalent students that began hitting campuses around 2014. That was roughly when the first Gen Z students started to arrive on campus. This generation was more anxious and depressed than those that came before it (at least since World War II and the GI bill expanded the availability of higher education), and colleges either fed or accommodated these problems with trigger warnings, safe spaces, a hunt for microaggressions, and the blurring of the line between speech and violence. 

    That is where campus free speech is now: not just arguments about campus codes, but fights about whether the government can use its most coercive tools to enforce ideological conformity.

    The alliance between righteous students and crusading administrators drove some warranted investigations, yes, but it also got people sanctioned, suspended, disinvited, and fired. It made dissent from orthodoxy professionally radioactive. It turned higher education into a place where the easiest way to survive was to self-censor or seek employment elsewhere.

    That problem persists, but 2025 added something more dangerous: politicians and government agencies increasingly driving, directing, and escalating punishment campaigns from outside the university.

    That distinction matters because the government’s tools are not a dean’s tools. Government can threaten funding, immigration status, research grants, and institutional survival itself.

    You can see it in the Trump administration’s campaign against elite universities, especially Harvard. This year, the Department of Homeland Security moved to revoke Harvard’s certification to enroll international students, and a federal court blocked that move while litigation proceeds. The White House then issued a proclamation suspending entry for foreign nationals seeking to study at Harvard, framed as a national-security measure.

    We can debate Harvard’s sinsthere are plenty. But what should not be debatable is that targeting a specific institution with immigration authority as leverage is not normal governance in a liberal democracy. It’s political payback that may be fun for some people in the administration, but probably won’t even fix anything.

    Three takeaways from Harvard’s victory over the Trump administration’s funding freeze

    If the government is going to punish universities for violating the law, then it must do so lawfully.


    Read More

    Sadly, Harvard isn’t the only example. The administration has used frozen funds, threatened cancellations, and “make a deal or else” tactics against schools around the country — turning what should be a debate about institutional reform into a contest of political submission. Columbia, for example, saw hundreds of millions in federal funds cut and then faced enormous pressure to reach a settlement to restore support. Brown University and Northwestern University cut deals to restore research funding. 

    Once this becomes the model — political leverage first, negotiated compliance second — universities are no longer institutions that argue and persuade. They’re institutions that bargain to survive.

    The Trump administration even tried to formalize this approach through a so-called “higher education compact” — a document that asked universities to pledge support for a menu of administration priorities in exchange for federal benefits. It was stuffed with unconstitutional conditions, and it sent the message loud and clear: We will decide the price of doing business in American higher education.

    At the individual level, the chill becomes something else entirely — especially when immigration authority gets involved. Take Rümeysa Öztürk, a Turkish Ph.D. student at Tufts. In March, after the government revoked her student visa, masked plainclothes federal agents detained her on a Somerville, Massachusetts, street and put her into an unmarked vehicle, after which she was quickly moved to an ICE facility in Louisiana — over her lawyers’ objections and amid litigation over where her case should be heard. 

    The core speech at issue wasn’t a threat, a crime, or some exotic incitement. It was an op-ed she co-authored in a student newspaper arguing that Tufts should divest from Israel. You don’t have to agree with it — that’s not the point of free speech. The point is that in the United States, it should not be the case that a person here on a student visa can be detained and threatened with deportation for writing a political opinion that could have run in any mainstream newspaper in the country.

    And notably, when a federal judge later ordered her release, he described her detention as unlawful and tied it directly to First Amendment concerns. This is also why my organization sued Secretary of State Marco Rubio this year, challenging immigration law provisions we argue are being used to punish protected speech by legal immigrants.

    That is where campus free speech is now: not just arguments about campus codes, but fights about whether the government can use its most coercive tools to enforce ideological conformity.

    Now, some readers will object: “What about Obama and Biden?”

    Fair point. Prior administrations helped create the modern campus speech mess, and not only through cultural encouragement. They often worked more indirectly, through the Department of Education and its civil-rights enforcement machinery — guidance letters, compliance regimes, and expansive theories of harassment that were then eagerly operationalized by sympathetic campus administrators.

    We fought that too at FIRE, even when nobody cared.

    Years ago, for example, my organization criticized federal “blueprints” that encouraged universities to stretch harassment definitions in ways that risked swallowing protected speech. This wasn’t a partisan hobby. It was the same principle: The government should not be in the business of pressuring universities into punishing speech, whether it’s done through backchannel regulatory guidance or through overt political threat.

    But 2025’s shift is that the pressure is more direct, more punitive, and more personalized — less “guidance,” more “kneel before Zod!”

    And here’s the part I’m done being delicate about: For 25 years, we documented the free-speech crisis on campus while a lot of higher education either denied it, rationalized it, or treated it as a moral victory. We warned that turning universities into ideological enforcement machines would generate backlash. Not because we wanted backlash, but because anyone with eyes could see that a system that punishes dissent while claiming to pursue truth is not stable. It was going to trigger a reaction.

    The more higher education demonstrates it understands its own legitimacy crisis and is willing to reform, the less political oxygen there is for escalating reprisals from increasingly powerful state actors.

    Now I keep hearing a question — sometimes asked fairly, sometimes in a way that assumes the problem came from talking about it — along the lines of: “Don’t you feel guilty for contributing to the backlash?”

    No, because I did no such thing.

    Reporting on a crisis did not create it. Documenting censorship did not cause it. Warning about backlash did not summon it. The people who should feel guilty are the ones who are responsible: the administrators, faculty, and students who let the craziness on campus become normal and then acted shocked when the bill came due.

    And the bill is measurable. Public confidence in higher education has fallen dramatically over the last decade. Pew recently reported that 70 percent of Americans now say higher education is headed in the wrong direction, up from 56 percent just a few years ago. Gallup’s long-running confidence measure tells a similar story. Even after a recent uptick, only 42 percent of Americans say they have “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in higher education — still far below the 57 percent who said so when Gallup first asked in 2015.

    Those numbers should have been a wake-up call. Instead, much of the higher-ed establishment has treated the credibility crisis as a conspiracy theory: a “moral panic,” a hoax, a right-wing plot, an exaggeration. We’ve seen this posture from influential voices who insist the last decade’s free-speech crisis was mostly manufactured — just a media obsession built from anecdotes. Professor Jason Stanley, formerly of Yale and now at the University of Toronto, has used exactly that frame. The American Association of University Professors and other gatekeepers have often treated calls for viewpoint diversity and institutional neutrality as hostile demands rather than basic components of truth-seeking.

    And you can see it in leadership rhetoric, too: the tendency to describe political attacks in vivid detail while taking almost no responsibility for the internal failures that made universities such an easy political target. When prominent university leaders frame the story as, “We are innocent, and this is being done to us,” they’re not just refusing accountability. They’re handing the backlash more fuel.

    Meanwhile, some of the behavior that helped bring us here continues — right out of 2021.

    Consider what happened at the University of Virginia Law School. Professor Xiao Wang helped win a unanimous Supreme Court decision in a case involving a legal standard that put a heavier burden on straight people to prove employment discrimination. In a healthy university, the response would have been to read the briefs, argue about the doctrine, debate the consequences, and learn something.

    Instead, Wang faced a wave of backlash that treated the case not as a legal question but as a moral betrayal — complete with pressure campaigns and demands that looked like ideological loyalty tests. That’s not a glitch. It’s a reminder: The internal coalition that drove the last decade’s crisis has not disappeared. It’s simply been joined by a much more aggressive external force.

    That brings us to the hard truth nobody wants to say out loud: Higher education really does need reform, and some of that reform will have to involve the federal government and state governments — because the government helped build the incentive structure that produced this mess, and because public universities are state actors. There are plenty of constitutional reforms available. Colleges can enforce viewpoint-neutral rules, strengthen due process in discipline, demand transparency, stop outsourcing institutional governance to ideological offices, and require that speech protections be real rather than a branding exercise.

    Why FIRE is now judging bias-reporting systems more harshly — and why I changed my mind

    Neighbors turning in neighbors for wrong-think cultivates the habits of an unfree society. We shouldn’t train students to do it—and we certainly shouldn’t build hotlines for it.


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    But there is also a difference between constitutional reform and a rampage. Universities have been strangely lucky so far that many of the administration’s most extreme tactics are the kind that courts can — and often will — stop. For FIRE’s part, we’ll keep fighting them whenever they cross the line into infringing on expressive rights. But universities need to do their share, too: Admit they have a problem, and start fixing it seriously.

    The more higher education demonstrates it understands its own legitimacy crisis and is willing to reform, the less political oxygen there is for escalating reprisals from increasingly powerful state actors. The more it stays in denial — insisting this vast, wealthy industry has nothing to fix, that the last decade of cancel culture and ideological conformity was mostly a hoax, and that the critics are all acting in bad faith — the more likely the backlash becomes uglier, broader, and harder to stop.

    Things that will not bend will break. And if higher ed stays in denial, it may find that 2025 wasn’t the bottom, but rather an alarm call. And if 2026 is worse, it won’t be able to say it wasn’t warned.

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  • 12 Tips for Using Podcasts with Students

    12 Tips for Using Podcasts with Students

    Do you want to incorporate podcasts into your classroom but aren’t sure where to start? Podcasts are an engaging and flexible way to enhance student learning, and you don’t have to be a podcasting expert to use them effectively. Whether you’re looking for student-friendly podcasts or strategies to integrate them into your lessons, today’s blog post will help you make the most of using podcasts with students.

    Engaging Readers with Different Texts

    A few years ago, I had the chance to co-write a quick reference guide on Engaging Students in Reading of All Text Types. Pam Allyn and I share strategies for working with readers of all ages in both digital and print environments. Here is an excerpt from the guide, along with tips for using podcasts in the classroom:

    “By listening to a narrator tell a story or an expert discuss a topic, podcasts can help students strengthen their ability to gather information through multimedia and at the same time helps them learn literacy skills such as comprehension building. Listening in partners gives students another person to share a story with. Just as students may sit and read side by side, they can also listen to an audio podcast in pairs to gather information or experience a new story.“

    Pam has been a guest on my Easy EdTech Podcast, and you can check out her spring appearance here.

    Podcast Recommendations for Students

    Looking for student-friendly podcasts to share with your class? Here are two great options to get started:

    • Wow in the World – This science-themed podcast explores fascinating topics in a way that’s engaging for kids. Each episode is full of curiosity-driven storytelling, making it a great resource for science discussions and inquiry-based learning.
    • Circle Round – This podcast shares carefully adapted folktales from around the world, making it perfect for lessons on storytelling, cultural appreciation, and literacy development. And they have coloring book pages to go with each episode!

    These are just a couple of great options—there are certainly many educational podcasts available for different age groups and subject areas.

    Screenshot of Circle Round's website displaying an educational podcast for kids, featuring colorful graphics and episode listings.

    Tips for Using Podcasts with Students

    Here are twelve practical tips to help you integrate podcasts into your classroom successfully.

    Share the Link

    The best way to share a podcast episode with students is by providing the homepage link. This ensures that students and families can access the episode without needing an account or logging in. Instead of sending a link from Apple Podcasts or Spotify, head to the podcast’s homepage and send a link to the episode that way. 

    For example, instead of sharing this episode straight from Spotify, use the link in the summary or description that takes you to the shownotes page and share that one instead.

    Visual promoting 12 simple and effective ideas for using podcasts with students, featuring tech tools like earbuds and a mobile device.Visual promoting 12 simple and effective ideas for using podcasts with students, featuring tech tools like earbuds and a mobile device.

    Choose a Specific Time Stamp

    If an episode is lengthy or contains one particularly relevant section, direct students to a specific time stamp. For example, you might tell students, “Start listening at the five-minute mark,” or use an app like Overcast to share a clip with a timestamp. This is a similar strategy to one you might use with YouTube videos.

    Set a Purpose for Listening

    When assigning a podcast, give students a clear action item. Whether it’s listening for key details, answering a discussion question, or summarizing the main points, this helps focus their attention. If students are listening independently, you can give this action item or task right next to where you post the link.

    Encourage Replays and Note-Taking

    Just as students may reread a book passage for better comprehension, they should feel comfortable rewinding and replaying sections of a podcast. Encourage them to take notes on key ideas or interesting details while listening. 

    This type of listening isn’t something most students do automatically. You will want to model these strategies just like you would model strategies during a read-aloud.

    Use Transcripts for Reading Support

    Many podcasts offer transcripts that allow students to follow along with the audio. This can be a valuable tool for students who benefit from visual reinforcement of spoken content. Many podcasts include transcripts on their homepage. Some podcast apps like Spotify will play the transcript automatically when you press play on a new episode.

    Involve Families in Podcast Listening

    Encourage students to listen to podcasts with their families at home. Providing a list of recommended podcasts for car rides, commutes, or evening wind-down time can help extend learning beyond the classroom. You might include a link to a podcast recommendation or a spotlight episode in a monthly newsletter or weekly message to families.

    Integrate Podcasts into Group Work

    Have students listen to a podcast in small groups and then discuss their takeaways. Assign different groups the same episode with different focus questions or have each group listen to a different episode on a related theme.

    Use Podcasts as Writing Prompts

    After listening to an episode, have students respond in writing. They can summarize the main idea, write a reflection, or create a fictional story inspired by the topic. Instead of or in addition to writing, you might have them share a reflection using a video response in a tool like Padlet or Seesaw.

    Padlet’s interactive tools support First Day of Summer Ideas like sharing student-created content and summer reflections.Padlet’s interactive tools support First Day of Summer Ideas like sharing student-created content and summer reflections.

    Connect Podcasts to Inquiry-Based Learning

    Podcasts can serve as a launchpad for student-driven projects. After listening to an episode, encourage students to research a related topic. They can present their research or findings through posters, videos, or blog posts. You might leverage a tool already in your students’ toolbelt, like Adobe Express, Book Creator, or even Google Slides.

    Encourage Student-Created Podcasts

    Take podcasting to the next level by having students record their own audio content. They can create their own mini-podcast episodes on a topic they’ve researched. There are several options to consider, including GarageBand and Adobe Podcast.

    Use podcasting tools like Adobe Podcast to capture student reflections as part of First Day of Summer Ideas in your classroom.Use podcasting tools like Adobe Podcast to capture student reflections as part of First Day of Summer Ideas in your classroom.

    Use Podcasts for Background Knowledge

    Before introducing a new unit, share a relevant podcast episode to activate students’ background knowledge. This provides context and sparks curiosity before diving into new material. This strategy might be useful for every student you work with or may just come in handy for a few students.

    Make Podcast Listening a Routine

    Incorporate podcast listening into your weekly schedule. Whether it’s “Podcast Fridays” or a short listening session at the start of a lesson, make it a regular part of your classroom routine. This will help students develop strong listening skills over time and practice strategies you model for them.

    Make it Happen: Using Podcasts with Students

    Using podcasts with students can enhance literacy skills, boost engagement, and provide exposure to diverse perspectives. Whether you’re integrating them into small-group discussions, inquiry-based projects, or independent listening activities, podcasts offer a unique way to enrich learning experiences. 

    For more tips for podcasts and ways to use technology in the classroom, check out the quick reference guide I co-wrote with Pam Allyn. It’s called Engaging Students in Reading of All Text Types and is available from ASCD and Amazon

    Ready to get started using podcasts with students? Try incorporating some of these tips into your next lesson and discover the many ways podcasts can support student learning!

    Find more posts featuring podcasts for teaching & learning:

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  • Decoder Replay: Can Taiwan fend off China forever?

    Decoder Replay: Can Taiwan fend off China forever?

    But since 1949, Taiwan has functioned with de facto independence; it has its own government, military and currency. Yet the People’s Republic of China has always insisted that Taiwan is a part of the PRC.

    China also insists that other countries respect its “One China” principle. Thus, only 12 countries recognise Taiwan as an independent country. They have diplomatic relations with Taiwan rather than the People’s Republic of China. These are mainly small nations in Latin America and the Pacific Islands.

    Not surprisingly, the status of Taiwan has become a focal point for the great power rivalry between China and the United States.

    Most Western countries, in contrast, have diplomatic relations with Beijing, and maintain representative offices in Taipei. The United States maintains unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan through the American Institute in Taiwan, a private nonprofit corporation, which performs U.S. citizen and consular services similar to those at embassies.

    A diplomatic dance

    Back in 1992, representatives of both Taiwan and China met and ironed out some conditions that could allow for relations across the Taiwan Strait. This became known as the 1992 Consensus. While it broadly committed both to the principle of “One China,” each interprets that differently; The People’s Republic sees Taiwan as a renegade state that must return at some point in the future, while Taiwan values its own autonomy.

    Much to the chagrin of Beijing, the DPP does not accept the “1992 Consensus.”

    Thus, there has been a dramatic deterioration in relations in recent years, especially since President Tsai’s presidency overlapped with that of the very assertive Chinese leader, Xi Jinping.

    Many commentators now argue that the Taiwan Strait is the most dangerous region in the world.

    China believes Taiwan must be unified with the mainland under the banner of its “One China” principle, and China’s claims to Taiwan are only intensifying in tandem with its growing economic power. The impatience of Xi Jinping was palpable in 2021 when he said that the “Taiwan issue cannot be passed on from generation to generation.”

    Autonomy versus subjugation

    Needless to say, Xi’s upping the ante has only exacerbated tensions across the Taiwan Strait — as have Beijing’s interference in the affairs of Hong Kong and the consequent deterioration in its freedom and human rights.

    Hong Kong’s system of “one country, two systems” was once considered to be a possible model for Taiwan. But this is no longer the case.

    Today, less than 10% of the Taiwanese people are in favor of unification with China. The majority prefer to keep the status quo. While feelings for independence are strong, the Taiwanese people are concerned that any move to independence would provoke Beijing — hence the widespread support for the status quo.

    For its part, the United States has “acknowledged” (but not supported) the “One China” positions of both Beijing and Taipei. But the United States does not recognize Beijing’s sovereignty over Taiwan.

    Nor does it recognise Taiwan as a sovereign country. According to official U.S. policy, Taiwan’s status is unsettled, and must be solved peacefully.

    The United States stands by.

    Back in 1979 when the United States recognised the People’s Republic of China and established diplomatic relations with it as the sole legitimate government of China, it also implemented the Taiwan Relations Act.

    This requires the United States to have a policy “to provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character” and “to maintain the capacity of the United States to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan.”

    When Chiang Kai-shek and his KMT retreated to Taiwan in 1949, Taiwan was poorer than virtually all of the provinces of mainland China. But the Taiwanese economy would grow dramatically thanks to U.S. support, an increasingly well-educated and industrious workforce, a strong entrepreneurial spirit and the legacy of infrastructure and institutions from Japan’s colonisation of the island.

    Today, Taiwan’s successful democratic capitalism is a strategic asset of the West. Its economy is a lynchpin in the global economy’s high-tech supply chains. In a world where democracy seems increasingly under threat, it is a beacon of democratic hope and inspiration. Taiwan also offers proof that democracy is not inconsistent with Chinese culture.

    Taiwan’s position in the so-called “first island chain,” geographically located between U.S. allies Japan and the Philippines, is crucial to Washington’s foreign policy in the region at a time when China is trying to evict the United States from East Asia and behaving aggressively in the South China Sea.

    China casts a big shadow.

    The loss of Taiwan would undermine the credibility of the United States as an ally of Japan, Korea, the Philippines and Australia. If China took control of Taiwan, it could be freer to project power in the western Pacific and rival the United States.

    While U.S. official policy toward Taiwan has remained unchanged over the years, the United States has been deepening its partnership with Taiwan in tandem with Xi Jinping’s assertive attitude over the past decade, thereby provoking Beijing’s anger. This has included increased arms sales and military training, and the visits of high-level U.S. Congress representatives, which Beijing interprets as conferring political recognition on Taiwan.

    U.S. President Joe Biden has indicated four times that he would use the military to defend Taiwan if China ever attacked the island. The U.S. Congress has a strong resistance to the idea of sacrificing democratic Taiwan to the increasingly authoritarian Beijing.

    And as recently as 20 April 2024 it passed a series of foreign aid bills that allocated $8 billion for Taiwan and other Indo-Pacific allies, along with much larger sums for Ukraine and Israel.

    There is much speculation about the future of China-Taiwan relations by geopolitical analysts.

    According to one school of thought, China faces a narrow window of opportunity, in light of its deteriorating economic prospects, to subjugate Taiwan. Thus many are alert to the possibility of China placing extreme pressure on Taiwan, including through a possible invasion over the coming years.

    Others argue that Russia’s invasion and never-ending war with Ukraine make China hesitant to contemplate a similar operation in Taiwan. Taiwan’s mountainous geography and relatively shallow seas on the west coast would make an invasion much more challenging.

    Is invasion a possibility?

    The close location of U.S. forces in Japan and the Philippines mean that China would inevitably bump into the United States. And because China’s economy is so tightly integrated into Western-led supply chains, the cost of Western sanctions on China would be much greater than the sanctions on Russia.

    The most likely scenario is that China will seek to subjugate Taiwan without overt military action, notably by cyber attacks, coercion, information warfare, harassment and threats. All things considered, with or without an invasion or direct military attacks, the Taiwan Straits will likely remain Asia’s biggest hot spot and occupy the attention of strategic planners for many years to come.

    So are the Taiwan Straits the most dangerous region in the world?

    Having recently spent 10 days visiting Taiwan with the Australian Institute of International Affairs, my answer is a resounding no. Taiwan and the Taiwanese people have a calm, relaxed and polite air. They seem immune to the bellicose, megaphone diplomacy of mainland China.

    And as they continue to strengthen their economy and deepen their international friendships, their destiny would seem increasingly secure, although they need to invest much more in their military capabilities. But there will never be grounds for complacency — as the case of Hong Kong demonstrates, things can change virtually overnight.


    Three questions to consider:

    1. What autonomy does Taiwan currently have?

    2. Why is Taiwan’s independence seen as important to other democratic nations in the region?

    3. Do you think the United States should provide Taiwan military support to protect its autonomy?

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  • What happens after the U.S. Department of Education is dissolved?

    What happens after the U.S. Department of Education is dissolved?

    eSchool News is counting down the 10 most-read stories of 2025. Story #1 focuses on the Trump Administration’s goal of dismantling the U.S. Department of Education.

    Key points:

    In light of Donald Trump assuming a second presidential term in 2025, conversations concerning dismantling the United States Department of Education have resurfaced. Supporters argue that federal involvement in education undermines state authority, while critics fear that removing the federal role could exacerbate inequities and hinder national progress. To evaluate the proposal, it is crucial to examine the federal and state roles in education, the historical and constitutional context, and the potential benefits and challenges of such a shift.

    The federal role in education

    The United States Constitution does not explicitly grant the federal government authority over education. As Lunenberg et al. (2012) noted, “Education is not a function specifically delegated to the federal government” (p. 327). Instead, under the Tenth Amendment, powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states (McCarthy et al., 2019). This leaves education primarily under state jurisdiction, with federal involvement historically limited to indirect support rather than direct control.

    The United States Department of Education was established in 1979. It is responsible for overseeing federal funding for schools, enforcing federal laws in education, and ensuring equal access for students across the country.  Furthermore, it has played a significant role through legislation such as the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) and its successors: NCLB (No Child Left Behind) and ESSA (the Every Student Succeeds Act). These laws link federal funding to specific requirements, which aim to address inequities in education. Currently, federal contributions account for approximately 8 percent of funding for elementary and secondary education, with the remaining 92 percent coming from state and local sources (“The Federal Role,” 2017).

    The role of state and local control in education

    Education policy and administration have traditionally been state functions. States determine funding formulas, establish teacher certification requirements, and oversee curricula through their departments and boards of education (Lynch, 2016). Governors and state legislatures allocate funds, which are often distributed to schools based on enrollment, need, or specific programs (Lunenberg et al., 2012).

    Local school boards also play a critical role, managing day-to-day operations and responding to community needs. This decentralized structure reflects a longstanding belief that local authorities are better positioned to address the diverse needs of their communities. However, it has also led to significant disparities between states and districts in terms of funding, resources, and student outcomes.

    Dismantling the United States Department of Education 

    One of the most compelling arguments for dismantling the United States Department of Education lies in the principle of localized control. Critics argue that education is best managed by state and local governments because they are closer to the specific needs of their communities. Localized governance could allow schools to tailor their policies, curriculum, and resource allocation in ways that best fit the unique demographics of their regions. For example, schools in rural areas may have vastly different needs than those in urban centers, which is why local authorities are likely better equipped to address these disparities without the interference of federal oversight.

    The concern extends beyond general education. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which is enforced by the United States Department of Education, mandates that students with disabilities receive free and appropriate public education (FAPE) along with necessary services and accommodations. Similarly, the department oversees federal programs that support English Language Learner (ELL) students by helping schools provide tailored instruction and resources to students who are not native English speakers. Without federal oversight, it is possible that these programs could lose funding or be inconsistently applied across states, causing vulnerable populations to be without critical support.

    Advocates of dismantling the United States Department of Education also point to the financial burden of maintaining a federal agency. They argue that billions of dollars allocated to the department could be redirected to state education budgets, thereby allowing for more impactful initiatives at the forefront. By eliminating bureaucratic layers, states could potentially deliver education funding more efficiently, thereby focusing resources directly on teachers, classrooms, and students.

    Another critical function of the United States Department of Education is establishing and enforcing national education standards. Programs such as NCLB and ESSA aim to hold schools accountable for student performance and ensure consistency across states (albeit, there are arguments those programs have led to a culture of “teaching to the test” and have stifled creativity in the classroom), but allowing states and local districts to have greater freedom to design their own standards and assessments may fostering innovation while also leading to the quality of education varying dramatically from state to state and can cause challenges for students in transient populations due to a lack of cohesion disrupting their education and limiting their opportunities.

    Keeping the United States Department of Education 

    Dismantling the United States Department of Education raises significant concerns about equity. The department plays a crucial role in addressing disparities in funding education, as well as in funding access. Federal programs (i.e., Title I, free meals, counseling, after-school programs, etc.) provide additional resources to schools serving high numbers of low-income students, many of which are located in inner-city areas. Without the United States Department of Education, these programs might be eliminated or left to the discretion of states that have historically struggled to prioritize funding for underserved communities.

    Inner-city urban schools often face unique challenges (i.e., overcrowding, insufficient funding, higher rates of poverty among students, etc.). Many of these schools also serve disproportionately high numbers of students with disabilities and ELL students, thereby making federal support even more vital. The United States Department of Education enforces civil rights protections that ensures that all students (including vulnerable subgroups) receive equitable treatment. Dismantling the department could weaken these safeguards, thereby leaving marginalized communities more vulnerable to neglect. Therefore, the loss of federal oversight is a serious concern for public education. Historically, states have not always allocated resources equitably, and urban school districts have often been underfunded compared to their suburban counterparts. Federal intervention has been essential in addressing these disparities. Without it, inner-city schools may struggle to maintain even basic standards of education, thereby exacerbating poverty and inequality.

    All schools (not just inner-city schools) will be adversely impacted by dismantling the United States Department of Education. Federal funding supports Advanced Placement (AP) courses, STEM initiatives, and dual-enrollment opportunities. Dismantling the United States Department of Education could lead to inconsistencies in college admissions processes because states might adopt different graduation requirements and assessments. This lack of standardization could complicate admissions for students applying to out-of-state or prestigious universities. Furthermore, the United States Department of Education funds research initiatives that lead to the development of new teaching methods, technologies, and curricula. These innovations often benefit all schools, but without federal support, such research might stagnate leaving schools without access to cutting-edge educational resources.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, the debate pertaining to dismantling the United States Department of Education has taken on new urgency under the Trump administration in 2025. While advocates of dismantling the department argue for greater local control and efficiency, the critics highlight the potential risks to equity and access.  As the nation grapples with this issue, it is essential to prioritize the needs of students (and communities). The ultimate goal must be to create a more equitable and effective education system that serves all students regardless of their background or zip code.

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  • Explainable AI That Improves Testing Decisions

    Explainable AI That Improves Testing Decisions

    Artificial intelligence is now a practical tool reshaping how software teams work. It appears in code reviews, helps spot bugs early, and speeds deployment workflows. In testing, it is starting to take on a bigger role, like helping teams design better test cases, automate routine checks, and find patterns in test results. As AI becomes more involved in the software testing lifecycle, the key question is not just what it can do, but whether we understand how it works.

    A critical question arises: Can we explain how these models arrive at their decisions? 

    This blog is for developers, quality engineers, and DevOps teams who work extensively with AI. I hope to help clarify Explainable AI so that you can build transparent, dependable, and responsible systems.

    As someone architecting AI solutions across the software testing lifecycle – from test design and scripting to optimization and reporting, I have seen firsthand how teams struggle to interpret the outputs of models. Whether it is a prompt-driven LLM suggesting test cases or a machine learning algorithm flagging anomalies in test results, the lack of clarity around why a decision was made can lead to hesitation, misalignment, or even rejection of the solution.

    Let me introduce Explainable AI (XAI) in a way that’s practical, relevant, and actionable for technical teams.

     

    What Explainable AI Really Means for Your Team

    When we use AI in testing, whether it is generating test scripts or making predictions (test optimization, recommendation), it’s easy to lose track of how those decisions are made. That’s where XAI comes in. It helps teams understand the “why” behind each output, so they can trust the results, catch mistakes early, and improve how the system works.

    For instance, in our work building AI‑powered tools across the testing lifecycle, explainability has become a mandatory requirement. Whether it’s intelligent test design, web and mobile automation, API validation, optimization, or reporting, each solution we develop relies on models and agents making decisions that impact how teams test, deploy, and monitor software.

    When models make decisions, teams rightly ask why:

    • Why did the test optimization agent prioritize these specific test cases?
    • What factors influenced the bug prediction?
    • How was the optimization path determined?
    • What logic identifies DOM locators for UI automation?

    These question patterns build trust, the reason people want to use the system. That is where XAI steps in. XAI shows how AI tools make decisions so developers, QEs, and DevOps teams can understand the logic, catch issues faster, and trust the results.

     

    Why Developers and QE Teams Need XAI

    Explainability is not optional; it is essential.

    • Trust in Automation: Teams adopt AI tools more readily when they grasp the underlying logic. For example, if a model suggests skipping regression tests, stakeholders need to know why.
    • Debugging and Iteration: When a model behaves oddly, like giving biased outputs or brittle prompts, XAI helps diagnose and fix issues faster.
    • Compliance and Auditing: Regulated industries need to explain how automated decisions are made. XAI makes that possible and keeps us on the right side of regulations.
    • Fairness and Ethics: XAI helps spot bias in how models treat data, so decisions remain fair, especially when they affect users or resource allocation.

     

    Real‑World Relevance in the Software Testing Lifecycle (STLC)

    Let’s ground this in practical scenarios:

    • Test Design: XAI clarifies which requirements or user stories guided LLM‑generated tests.
    • Test Automation: XAI provides explanations for how AI agents choose DOM locators, API endpoints, or interaction flows, which increases transparency in automation scripts.
    • Test Optimization: XAI reveals data patterns behind recommendations.
    • Reporting: XAI explains the logic of dashboard anomalies or trends, such as time‑series analysis or clustering.

     

    How to Integrate XAI into Your Workflow

    Actionable strategies:

    • Use Interpretable Models: Opt for decision trees or rule‑based systems. They’re simpler to explain and troubleshoot.
    • Layer Explanations on Complex Models: For deep learning or ensembles, use tools that provide post‑hoc explanations. These don’t change the model but help interpret its behavior.
    • Make It Easy to Follow: When building your interface, think about how someone on your team would use it. Keep the explanations simple and clear.
    • Check for Bias Early: Before your model goes live, evaluate fairness and safety (for example, LLM‑as‑a‑Judge, fairness checkers) to catch bias or PII exposure.
    • Document Decisions: Record model results and reasons for transparency and improvement.

    Challenges to Watch For

    1. Pick What Works Best: Simple models are easier to explain, but they don’t always give the most accurate results. Sometimes you need clarity, other times precision. So, choose based on what your project really needs.

    2. Scalability: Explaining every prediction uses resources. Focus on key cases.

    3. User Misinterpretation: Explanations can be misunderstood. Training and UX matter.

    4. Security Risks: Revealing model details can create vulnerabilities. Share selectively.

     

    Best Practices for Software Teams

    1. Speak Their Language: Tailor explanations to the audience; developers may want details, while business users need the big picture.

    2. Listen and Adjust: Share explanations with real users, see what makes sense to them, and keep tweaking until it clicks.

    3. Mix Your Methods:  Don’t rely on just one way to explain things. Combine multiple techniques to give a fuller, clearer picture.

    4. Stay Updated: Track new XAI tools and research to keep practices up to date.

     

    XAI: What’s Next

    AI systems will soon not only explain decisions but also answer “what if” questions and provide causal reasoning. For teams building AI into STLC, this means:

    • Interactive Debugging: Find out why your model skipped a test with clear answers.
    • Causal Insights: Identify cause‑and‑effect links in failures or performance drops.
    • Standardized Explainability: Industry benchmarks and compliance rules will guide AI transparency.

     

    The Real Value of XAI

    Explainability isn’t just a technical checkbox; it’s what helps teams trust the tools they use. As we build smarter systems, making sure people understand how they work should be part of the plan from the beginning.

    Integrating XAI into our strategy helps teams collaborate efficiently, iterate quickly, and deliver effective, ethical solutions.

     

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  • Goodbye 2025 – HEPI

    Goodbye 2025 – HEPI

    With 2025 coming to a close, let’s take a look at what HEPI has been discussing over the past year.

    2025 was a busy year for HEPI (although which year isn’t…), both in terms of events, publications and blogs.

    In January, we were forward-focused, looking at sector financial sustainability, digital transformation, and presenting a vision for the future of higher education.

    In February, lots of people were writing about curriculum design: from credit transfer and lifelong learning, to specialist higher education institutions and assessing the benefits of the Health Education Consortium. We also published our Student Generative AI Survey 2025, which shows an unprecedented increase in the use of genAI among undergraduate students. This is now the most-read policy paper in HEPI’s history.

    In March and April, skills and employability took the forefront of our focus as we published blogs on apprenticeships and considered how to bridge the gap between further and higher education. We also published reports on Skills England and increasing employer support for the tertiary skills system in England.

    In May, prior to the start of his tenure as Chair of the OfS, Professor Edward Peck wrote for HEPI about his thoughts for the future of higher education, and the announcement that the government was ‘exploring’ a levy on the income universities receive from international tuition fees got the sector talking.

    In June, the undergraduate academic year wrapped up with HEPI’s Annual Conference, which focused on the student journey, as well as the publication of our 2025 Student Academic Experience Survey. This year’s survey found that 68% of undergraduates are now undertaking paid work during term time. This is a dramatic rise from just 42% in 2020. Also, this month, we were thrilled that the work of our Director, Nick Hillman, was recognised with an OBE.

    July saw the publication of a report highlighting the catastrophic state of language provision within the UK’s schools and universities and the big drop in formal language learning that has accompanied this.

    In August, we thought that the Post-16 Education and Skills white paper might be about to arrive, and even ran a blog asking what might be in it. But it was not to be. Despite that, there were still exciting developments in HEPI as we launched our new website and published the 2025 Minimum Income Standard for Students.

    September saw the start of the party conference season, with HEPI holding events at both the Labour and later the Conservative Party conferences. There was a particularly memorable moment during a HEPI panel event on Student Support at the Labour Party conference, when the Secretary of State for Education, Bridget Phillipson, announced in the main conference hall that targeted maintenance grants were returning. Alex Stanley of the NUS announced this to the room mid-panel, to much celebration. (We did not know the small print at this point.)

    In October, that long-awaited White Paper finally arrived (although a little closer to the evening than many of us would have liked) on 20 October. This then kicked off our 10-part blog series, platforming a range of voices and reactions in response to the paper. You can find our first response here, and our final one here.

    The government papers continued to roll in as the Curriculum and Assessment Review Final Report arrived on 5 November. Don’t worry, we covered this as well with a range of responses. A number of HEPI colleagues attended the inaugural Smart Thinking Think Tank awards, picking up the award for ‘Most Niche Report of the Year’ for our work on The hidden impact of menstruation on higher education. (In case you missed our Director of Policy, Rose Stephenson, shouting from the rooftops about this – research into menstruation is not niche, it is taboo!) However, the recognition from other think tankers and the ginormous jar of Smarties were both gratefully received.

    Then, in December, the big news was the announcement that Susan Lapworth will be leaving the OfS in Easter 2026. A remarkably prescient blog from HEPI President Bahram Bekhradnia on the OfS leadership had arrived a while before the announcement but these days the HEPI blog is so popular with authors that it sadly ended up being published after the event.

    So, as we arrive now in 2026, HEPI looks ahead to another packed year of events, topical blogs, and continued debate. We’re beginning our events schedule with a webinar with Advance HE at 11am on 13th January entitled ‘What can higher education leadership learn from other sectors?’. Do sign up here to join us!

    Thank you to everyone who has written for us, attended our events, supported our research, kept up with our blogs, and engaged with us in any way over the past year – HEPI couldn’t be here without you.

    The blog is back in full force for the new year, so do keep an eye out for our arrival in your inbox. If you fancy writing one for us, then take a look at the guidelines here, and send a draft to [email protected]

    We will see you for lots more debate throughout 2026!

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